06강 빈칸 채우기

06강 빈칸 채우기

1. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

“I am what I am and that's all what I am,”the cartoon character Popeye used to say. In the information age, __________─ whether it concerns your intentions, the information you provide, or even your admiration ─ has become a valuable and much-sought-after attribute. People respond with trust when they know you're dealing straight with them. At a conference, when I run into someone Ive been dying to meet, I don't hide my enthusiasm. "It's a pleasure to finally meet you. I've admired your work from afar for quite some time and been thinking how beneficial it might be if we could meet one another." Always keep in mind that you should be transparent when you're looking to establish a deeper, more meaningful connection.

* from afar 멀리서

① humility	② openness

③ fairness	④ carefulness

⑤ patience

2. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The spirit of modern science was born with the Renaissance. What made the scientific method new in the Renaissance was its emphasis on __________ as a route to knowledge. How do you know something is true? There are two possible roads to the truth: You can sit in your armchair and reason about what you think must be true, or you can go out and see what happens in the world. For example, you might reason that planetary orbits must be circles because a circle is a perfect shape, and it would make sense for the universe to be organized in terms of perfect shapes. Or you might get a telescope and see the planets and try to determine what orbital shape is consistent with what you see. Before the Renaissance, contemplation and logic were often considered the best route to knowledge.

① nature	② analysis

③ unification	④ observation

⑤ reasoning

3. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Some biologists have explained how evolution can lead to greater and greater degrees of __________. Repeatedly in the history of life, replicators have teamed up, specialized to divide the labor, and coordinated their behavior. It happens because replicators often find themselves in nonzero-sum games, in which particular strategies adopted by two players can leave them both better off, as opposed to a zero-sum game, where one player's profit is another player's loss. An exact analogy is found in the play by William Butler Yeats in which a blind man carries a lame man on his shoulders, allowing both of them to get around. During the evolution of life this dynamic has led replicating molecules to team up in chromosomes, cell organs to team up in cells, cells to form into complex organisms, and organisms to hang out in societies.

* replicator 복제인자

① fertility	② accuracy

③ resistance	④ enthusiasm

⑤ cooperation

4. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The best way to evaluate people is to watch them work. This isn't practical in the selection process, so the next best method is to use __________. This is an exercise that demonstrates how well an applicant can perform key job responsibilities and is useful in evaluating applicants with little previous experience in the area. For example, if you are seeking servers who can use suggestive selling techniques effectively, you might give them an assignment to role-play upselling products on your menu. You would provide the applicant with a role description, information about menu items to upsell, and a partner to role-play the situation. If you were interviewing bell staff attendants and you wanted to hire individuals who have knowledge of the city, you might ask applicants several questions about area restaurants and for directions to area attractions to test their ability to answer guest questions in a knowledgeable manner.

* suggestive selling 권유판매

① intuition	② knowledge

③ competition	④ simulation

⑤ collaboration

5. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

An English teacher once introduced me to her way of _______________ in her classroom. Each student has his or her daily folder. Inside each folder, she will write instructions to each student about what is expected of him or her during the work that will generally be assigned to the class that week. One student may be told to only do five of the twenty spelling words that week. Another may be told to find a story to read on the same topic that the rest of the class is doing. She explains that each of us has differences. Some of us play basketball better than others. Some of us run faster than others. So, it is not fair to expect everyone in the classroom to accomplish the same things.

① stimulating creativity	② encouraging self-study

③ promoting cooperation	④ communicating knowledge

⑤ accommodating differences

6. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Much of socialization takes place during human interaction, without the deliberate intent to impart knowledge or values. For example, a four-year-old approaches two teachers conversing and excitedly says, “Miss Jones, Miss Jones, look!” One teacher says, “Sally, don't interrupt; we're talking.” Later that morning Sally and her friend Tanya are busily playing with Legos. Sally is explaining and demonstrating to Tanya how to fit the pieces together. Miss Jones comes over to the block corner and interrupts with, “Girls, please stop what you're doing and come see what Rene has brought to school.” It is very likely that the message Sally received from the morning's interactions was that it is not OK for children to interrupt adults, but it is OK for adults to interrupt children. The example shows that _______________ may be the product of involvement in human interaction or observation of interaction.

① antisocial behavior	② social consensus

③ accumulated knowledge	④ increased responsibility

⑤ unintentional socialization

7. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In a classic series of experiments, rats were given various types of food and then exposed to radiation several hours later that made them sick. The rats learned to avoid the foods that were followed by illness on the basis of a single trial. By contrast, when they were exposed to avoidable light and sound signals followed by radiation-induced sickness, the rats did not learn to avoid these signals even on repeated trials, although they did learn very quickly to avoid such signals when they were paired with electric shocks. The results suggest that the rats behaved as though they assumed that if they became sick this must have been caused by ____________________, but that exposure to noises and lights were not the sorts of thing that could cause sickness.

① something they ate

② a pair of electric shocks

③ unavoidable exposure to radiation

④ repeating a series of trials and errors

⑤ exposing themselves to sound signals

8. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When you see an apple, how do you know it has seeds inside? You've never seen this apple before, but you know about the seeds because you generalize from other apples to this apple; in other words, you put this object in the category apple. You can identify the class or category to which an object belongs, even if you've never seen that particular example of the object before. A category is a group of objects that have something in common (e.g., dog is a category) and an exemplar is an instance of a category (a particular dog is an exemplar of the category dog). Your experience allows you to generalize, that is, to apply information gathered from one exemplar to a different exemplar of the same category. In other words, things you know from your experience with dogs (it eats, it breathes, it could bite you but probably won't, it smells when wet) _________________________.

① are merely subjective

② can be applied to any dog

③ cannot be exact exemplars

④ are different from time to time

⑤ give you a prejudice against dogs

9. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

For any given topic in science, it should be possible to improve experimental procedures, develop better statistical tests, explain exceptions, etc. Falling in love with a theory and developing that contented glow of companionship is a guaranteed way to overlook opportunities to improve the field. To put it another way, the scientist needs to develop _____________________________________. If different individuals seem to debate without resolution, perhaps it is because they are using terms differently or perhaps it is because certain phenomena act differently in different systems. In either case, an opportunity exists for clarification. There are always odd phenomena that don't fit in, and they offer opportunities for discovery. For example, certain lizards can reproduce without males. How did this evolve? What about mutations in such a system? Maybe the opportunities exist at the experimental level. �

* contented 만족해 하는

① an open-minded attitude toward criticism

② a solid understanding of basic principles

③ software for data analysis to test his hypotheses

④ an eye for imperfections which can be improved

⑤ ways to apply his professional knowledge to basic problems

10. 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

My direct experience of African nkisi nkondi fetish statues from Loango, in the Kongo region, which are bristling with nails, is that they look quite fierce ─ like a horror-movie monster. This first perception is modified when I learn‘external facts’ that the nails were driven in over time by people to register agreements or seal dispute resolutions. The participants were asking for support for their agreement (with an expectation of punishment if it is violated). Such fetish sculptures were considered so powerful that they were sometimes kept outside of the village. Although I may directly perceive that the sculptures embody frightening power, I do not  _________________________ without understanding additional facts about why and how they were made. Original users would find it very odd for a small group of them to be exhibited together in the African Art section of a museum. �

* fetish 주물, 숭배의 대상

① recognize their economic value

② understand their social meaning

③ think of art as a means to possess

④ distinguish between art and religion

⑤ break down barriers among cultures

11. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When making decisions, people almost always assume that more information is better. Modern corporations are especially dependent on this idea and spend a fortune trying to create “analytic workspaces” that  “maximize the informational potential of their decision-makers.” These conventional practices are based on the assumptions that executives perform better when they have access to more facts and figures and that bad decisions are a result of ______(A)______. But it's important to know the limitations of this approach, which are rooted in the limitations of the brain.

The prefrontal cortex can handle only so much information at any one time, so when a person gives it too many facts and then asks it to make a decision based on the facts that seem important, that person is asking for ______(B)______.

* prefrontal cortex  (뇌의) 전두엽 압에 있는 피질

(A)                 (B)

① competition	……	cooperation

② competition	……	change

③ poverty	……	feedback

④ ignorance	……	trouble

⑤ ignorance	……	approval

12. 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

One of the best examples of the trend toward worldwide _____(A)_____ comes from black-and-white photographer John Spence Weir, who has been visually documenting the modern history of Mexico for the past fifty years. According to him, the story of Mexico is really the story of the slow removal of color. At one time all the houses were purple, pink, yellow and orange. The clothes and baskets, markets and people, were colorful, too. But today, no one wants a purple house with yellow shutters. They all want beige. Everything is beige ─ beige clothes, beige stores, beige garden walls. The wealthy people wanted their homes to look just like the houses in the United States. So they started painting them beige. He said, “If I have a regret it's that I should have been photographing Mexico in _____(B)_____. I missed the entire story.”

(A)                                (B)

① competition	……	color

② competition	……	person

③ recession	……	focus

④ uniformity	……	color

⑤ uniformity	……	focus