[ 본문분석 ]-[ 지학사(고2) ]-[ Lesson 7 : Harvesting Wheat ]

[ Words & Phrases ]

1	abstract
2	accidentally
3	afford
4	agriculture
5	all over
6	apart
7	apologize
8	awful
9	Be that as it may
10	bend
11	block out
12	burn
13	cancel
14	capture
15	celebrate
16	character
17	close-minded
18	collection
19	comfort
20	contrast
21	copy
22	cradle
23	curve
24	cut down on
25	dead
26	definition
27	department
28	depict
29	depression
30	describe
31	do good
32	do(live) without
33	drench
34	dynamic
35	edge
36	elaborate
37	equipment
38	essential
39	even so
40	exhausted
41	exhibition
42	favorite
43	field trip
44	function
45	get along with
46	get the credit for
47	goggle
48	grain
49	grotesque
50	harvest
51	hire
52	identity
53	image
54	impressive
55	in contrast to
56	influence
57	inspire
58	jug
59	junk food
60	key
61	landscape
62	leave out
63	Like what?
64	link
65	lip-sync
66	look down at
67	merchant
68	mirror image
69	nowhere
70	obesity
71	odd
72	offer
73	on purpose
74	opposite
75	pack
76	pale
77	penalty
78	permanent
79	perspective
80	plentiful
81	plod
82	portrait
83	portray
84	present
85	prevent A from ~ing
86	price list
87	primary
88	provide A with B
89	psychology
90	raise
91	reap
92	refer to A as B
93	reflection
94	refreshment
95	refund
96	region
97	restrict
98	rural
99	scar
100	scene
101	scold
102	severe
103	skimpy
104	sleeve
105	slice
106	spam
107	spill
108	sprawl
109	spread
110	stalk
111	stoop
112	sunscreen
113	support
114	taste
115	tax
116	the Great Depression
117	true to life
118	twin
119	uniform
120	unity
121	unsatisfactory
122	warn
123	way
124	weather forecast
125	wheat
126	why in the world
127	worldwide

[ 본문 ]-[ 1 ]

「 The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel, 1565 」

Although the day is hot, Bruegel provides his farmers with cool refreshment.

A man plods through the wheat carrying heavy jugs of water.

Another jug is half hidden in the wheat, protected from the sun.

The two artists who painted these pictures lived four hundred years and thousands of miles apart.

Even so, they both painted similar scenes─farmers working hard to reap enough wheat so that their families and neighbors would have bread.

Pieter Bruegel lived in Europe in a region of Belgium that was called Flanders.

He painted The Harvesters in 1565.

The fields in Thomas Hart Benton's Cradling Wheat, painted in 1938, are in east Tennessee in the United States.

During both periods, life was hard.

People were poor, and bread was the most important food for everyone.

Q1. What were the lives of the people like in Bruegel and Benton's times?

A1. Life was hard and people were poor. Bread was the most important food for everyone.

[ 본문 ]-[ 2 ]

「 Fields of Plenty 」

Both paintings show how plentiful the land could be.

The workers in Bruegel's painting have plenty to eat during their lunch break, and the field of standing wheat looks like a thick slice of buttered toast.

No one who sees Benton's fields will worry about food.

The wheat stalks bend from the weight of the grain.

「 Looking Down from Above 」

In both paintings, we are looking down at the workers from above.

By imaging their scenes this way, the artists could put more into their paintings than if their perspective were from the ground.

Seen from the ground, Bruegel's seated farmers would block out the village church.

From above, we can see the church and the eight workers enjoying their lunch.

We can even see the food in their bowls.

「 Cradling Wheat  by Thomas Hart Benton, 1938 」

The tree in Benton's painting curves just like the backs of the farmers.

Benton liked to link people and nature by using similar shapes and lines for both.

Q2. What is the advantage of painting scenes from above?

A2. We can put more into our paintings than if the	perspective were from the ground.

[ 본문 ]-[ 3 ]

「 Hot and Thirsty Work 」

Working in the fields isn't easy, and the pattern of the sleeping farmer's sprawling legs in Bruegel's painting tells us that the man is "dead tired."

Benton also portrays exhausted farmers.

The boy near the center of the group is stooped over from hard work.

All the other farmers have bent backs, too.

Bruegel created the feeling of a hot day by leaving out something that is expected and welcome in summer.

Nowhere in his painting can we see shadows.

Even the tall, skimpy tree in the middle of the field gives the workers no comfort from the sun.

Benton also brought the summer sun into his scene.

He saved the lightest color in his painting for the heavy tops of the wheat stalks.

In contrast to the other colors, the pale yellow causes them to appear drenched in sunlight.

Q3. Which techniques did Bruegel use to show heat and	exhausting work?

A3. He didn't draw any shadows.

Even the tall, skimpy tree was drawn to give the workers	no comfort from the sun.

[ 본문 ]-[ 4 ]

「 Capturing Everyday Life 」

Benton was inspired by his childhood in the farm country of Missouri.

The Great Depression had begun in 1929, and it was a time when many people were without work. .

Families had little to eat.

Benton believed that farms had more to offer Americansthan cities, and he celebrated his rural "American Scene" in huge paintings that made him famous.

Bruegel was also influenced by things he saw around him every day.

A rich merchant hired Bruegel to paint The Harvesters and other pictures to be a calendar of the seasons of the year.

Bruegel chose to put field workers, his favorite subject, in every painting.

He often made their faces look alike but painted their bodies to show different movements.

The job of harvesting wheat was as essential to life when Bruegel's farmers worked as when Benton painted his farmers.

Even though they were from different times and places, these artists captured a moment of life that─for them─was the same.

Q4. How did two painters form different backgrounds come to paint such similar scenes?

A4. They captured an essential moment of life that was the same.

[ Words & Phrases ]

1	abstract	추상적인
2	accidentally	우연히
3	afford	~할 여유가 있다
4	agriculture	농업
5	all over	어디에나, 온통
6	apart	떨어져서, 갈라져서
7	apologize	사과하다
8	awful	끔찍한
9	Be that as it may	그렇다 할지라도, 그렇다 치고, 어쨌든
10	bend	구부러지다
11	block out	~을 가리다
12	burn	불에 데게 하다
13	cancel	취소하다
14	capture	포착하다
15	celebrate	찬양하다
16	character	성격, 성질
17	close-minded	속 좁은
18	collection	소장(품)
19	comfort	안락, 편안함
20	contrast	대조
21	copy	복사하다, 베끼다
22	cradle	낫으로 베다
23	curve	구부러지다, 곡선을 그리다
24	cut down on	~을 삭감하다
25	dead	아주, 완전히, 전적으로
26	definition	정의
27	department	부서, 과
28	depict	~을 표현하다, 묘사하다
29	depression	공황, 불경기, 불황, 우울증
30	describe	묘사하다, 그리다
31	do good	이롭다
32	do(live) without	~없이 지내다
33	drench	~을 흠뻑 적시다, ~에 담그다
34	dynamic	역동적인
35	edge	가장자리
36	elaborate	공들인, 정교한
37	equipment	비품, 장비
38	essential	필수적인, 가장 중요한
39	even so	그럼에도 (불구하고)
40	exhausted	기진맥진한, 지친
41	exhibition	전시회
42	favorite	가장 좋아하는 것
43	field trip	견학, 현장학습
44	function	기능
45	get along with	~와 잘 지내다
46	get the credit for	~ 때문에 칭찬받다
47	goggle	잠수용 보안경
48	grain	곡식, 낟알
49	grotesque	괴기스러운
50	harvest	수확하다
51	hire	고용하다
52	identity	정체성
53	image	~을 그리다, ~을 표현하다
54	impressive	인상 깊은
55	in contrast to	~과 대조를 이루어
56	influence	영향을 끼치다
57	inspire	고취하다, 불어넣다
58	jug	주전자, 큰 병
59	junk food	인스턴트 음식 (영양가 없고 열량만 높은 음식)
60	key	핵심적인
61	landscape	풍경, 경치
62	leave out	생략하다, 제외하다
63	Like what?	어떤 건데?
64	link	연결시키다
65	lip-sync	입 맞추어 노래하다
66	look down at	~을 내려다 보다
67	merchant	상인
68	mirror image	거울에 비친 상
69	nowhere	아무데도 ~없다
70	obesity	비만
71	odd	이상한
72	offer	제안
73	on purpose	고의로, 일부러
74	opposite	반대의, 상반되는
75	pack	(짐을) 꾸리다
76	pale	엷은, 연한
77	penalty	형벌, 벌금
78	permanent	영구적인
79	perspective	시각, 원경, 조망, 원경
80	plentiful	풍부한, 풍족한, 많은
81	plod	터벅터벅 걷다
82	portrait	초상화
83	portray	표현하다, 그리다
84	present	~을 나타내다, 제시하다
85	prevent A from ~ing	A가 ~하지 못하게 하다
86	price list	가격목록
87	primary	중요한
88	provide A with B	A에게 B를 주다
89	psychology	심리, 심리 상태
90	raise	올리다
91	reap	수확하다
92	refer to A as B	A를 B라고 부르다
93	reflection	반영
94	refreshment	가벼운 음식물, 다과, 원기회복
95	refund	변제, 환불
96	region	지역, 지방
97	restrict	제한하다
98	rural	시골의, 전원의
99	scar	흉터
100	scene	장면, 광경
101	scold	꾸짖다
102	severe	엄격한
103	skimpy	빈약한, 불충분한
104	sleeve	(옷의) 소매
105	slice	얇은 조각, 한 조각
106	spam	스팸 메일
107	spill	엎지르다
108	sprawl	팔다리를 벌리다, 늘어지다
109	spread	퍼지다, 유포되다
110	stalk	(식물의) 줄기
111	stoop	몸을 굽히다
112	sunscreen	햇빛 차단제
113	support	뒷받침하다. 확증하다
114	taste	기호, 감각
115	tax	세금
116	the Great Depression	세계 대공황
117	true to life	사실적인, 실물 그대로의
118	twin	쌍둥이
119	uniform	제복
120	unity	통일성, 일체감
121	unsatisfactory	불만족스러운
122	warn	경고하다, 타이르다
123	way	아주 멀리, 크게
124	weather forecast	일기예보
125	wheat	밀
126	why in the world	(의문을 강조하여) 도대체 왜
127	worldwide	세계적으로

[ 본문 ]-[ 1 ]

「 The Harvesters by Pieter Bruegel, 1565 」

수확하는 농부들 pieter Bruegel 작, 1565년

Although the day is hot, Bruegel provides his farmers with cool refreshment.

비록 날은 덥지만, bruegel은 그의 농부들에게 시원한 음료를 제공한다.

A man plods through the wheat carrying heavy jugs of water.

한 남자가 무거운 물주전자들을 들고 밀밭 사이를 터벅터벅 걸어온다.

Another jug is half hidden in the wheat, protected from the sun.

다른 주전자는 절반이 밀밭 사이에 감춰져서 햇빛으로부터 보호한다.

The two artists who painted these pictures lived four hundred years and thousands of miles apart.

이 그림들을 그린 두 명의 화가는 400년의 시간과 수천 마일의 거리를 떨어져 살았다

Even so, they both painted similar scenes─farmers working hard to reap enough wheat so that their families and neighbors would have bread.

비록 그렇다 하더라도, 그들은 둘 다 비슷한 장면-그들의 가족과 이웃이 빵을 먹을수 있도록 충분한 밀을 수확하기위해 열심히 일하는 농부들을 그렸다.

Pieter Bruegel lived in Europe in a region of Belgium that was called Flanders.

pieter Bruegel은 유럽 벨기에의 플랑드르라고 불리는 한 지역에 살았다.

He painted The Harvesters in 1565.

그는 1565년에 The harvesters를 그렸다.

The fields in Thomas Hart Benton's Cradling Wheat, painted in 1938, are in east Tennessee in the United States.

1938년에 그려진 Thomas Hart Benton의 그림 cradling wheat에서의 들판은 미국의 테네시 주 동부에 있다.

During both periods, life was hard.

두 시기 모두 삶은 힘겨웠다.

People were poor, and bread was the most important food for everyone.

사람들은 가난했고 빵은 모두에게 가장 중요한 식량이었다.

Q1. What were the lives of the people like in Bruegel and Benton's times?

A1. Life was hard and people were poor. Bread was the most important food for everyone.

[ 본문 ]-[ 2 ]

「 Fields of Plenty 」

풍요의 들판

Both paintings show how plentiful the land could be.

두 그림은 땅이 얼마나 풍성할 수 있는지를 보여 준다.

The workers in Bruegel's painting have plenty to eat during their lunch break, and the field of standing wheat looks like a thick slice of buttered toast.

bruegel의 작품 속의 일꾼들은 점심시간에 먹을 풍족한 먹을 거리를 가졌으며, 서 있는(베지않은) 밀밭은 버터를 바른 두꺼운 한 장의 토스트처럼 보인다.

No one who sees Benton's fields will worry about food.

Benton의 들판을 보는 사람은 누구도 음식에 대한 걱정을 하지 않을 것이다.

The wheat stalks bend from the weight of the grain.

밀의 줄기는 그 곡식의 무게로 휘어져 있다.

「 Looking Down from Above 」

위에서 내려다보기

In both paintings, we are looking down at the workers from above.

두 그림에서 우리는 위로부터 아래로 일꾼들을 내려다보고 있다.

By imaging their scenes this way, the artists could put more into their paintings than if their perspective were from the ground.

예술가들은 장면을 이런 식으로 표현함으로써, 지면에서 조망할 때보다 그림에 더 많은 것을 담을 수 있다.

Seen from the ground, Bruegel's seated farmers would block out the village church.

만약 지면에서 보았다면, bruegel의 앉아 있는 농부들은 마을의 교회를 가렸을 것이다.

From above, we can see the church and the eight workers enjoying their lunch.

위에 서 보아야 교회와 점심을 즐기는 여덟 농부를 볼 수 있다.

We can even see the food in their bowls.

우리는 심지어 그들의 그릇 속에 있는 음식도 볼 수 있다.

「 Cradling Wheat  by Thomas Hart Benton, 1938 」

밀 베기  Thomas Hart Benton 작, 1938년

The tree in Benton's painting curves just like the backs of the farmers.

Benton의 그림 속의 나무는 바로 농부의 등처럼 휘었다.

Benton liked to link people and nature by using similar shapes and lines for both.

Benton은 인간과 자연 둘 다에 비슷한 모영과 선을 사용함으로써 그것들을 연결하기를 좋아했다.

Q2. What is the advantage of painting scenes from above?

A2. We can put more into our paintings than if the	perspective were from the ground.

[ 본문 ]-[ 3 ]

「 Hot and Thirsty Work 」

덥고 목마른 직업

Working in the fields isn't easy, and the pattern of the sleeping farmer's sprawling legs in Bruegel's painting tells us that the man is "dead tired."

들판에서 일하기란 쉽지 않다. 그리고 breegel의 그림에서 잠자고 있는 농부들의 축 늘어진다리의 모양새는 그 남자가 녹초가 되었다는 것을 말해 준다.

Benton also portrays exhausted farmers.

Benton 또한 지칠 때로 지친 농부들을 묘사한다.

The boy near the center of the group is stooped over from hard work.

무리의 중앙 근처의 소년은 고된 일 때문에 등울 굽히고 있다.

All the other farmers have bent backs, too.

다른 모든 농부들도 역시 굽은 등을 하고 있다.

Bruegel created the feeling of a hot day by leaving out something that is expected and welcome in summer.

Bruegel은 여름에 기대되고 환영받는 무언가를 제거함으로써 무더운 날의 느낌을 만들어 냈다.

Nowhere in his painting can we see shadows.

무리는 그의 그림 어디에서도 그늘을 볼 수가 없다.

Even the tall, skimpy tree in the middle of the field gives the workers no comfort from the sun.

심지어 들판 중앙의 키가 크고 빈약한 나무도 일꾼들에게 태양으로부터 안식처를 제공하지 않는다.

Benton also brought the summer sun into his scene.

Benton 또한 배경에 한여름의 태양을 가져다 놨다.

He saved the lightest color in his painting for the heavy tops of the wheat stalks.

그는 밀 줄기의 풍성한 윗부분을 위해 그림에서 가장 밝은 색을 아껴뒀다.

In contrast to the other colors, the pale yellow causes them to appear drenched in sunlight.

다른 색들과 대조적으로, 그 연한 노란색은 그것들이 햇빛을 흠뻑 머금은 것처럼 보이게 만든다.

Q3. Which techniques did Bruegel use to show heat and	exhausting work?

A3. He didn't draw any shadows.

Even the tall, skimpy tree was drawn to give the workers	no comfort from the sun.

[ 본문 ]-[ 4 ]

「 Capturing Everyday Life 」

일상생활을 포착하기

Benton was inspired by his childhood in the farm country of Missouri.

Benton은 미주리 주의 시골에 살았떤 그의 어린 시절에서 영감을 받았다.

The Great Depression had begun in 1929, and it was a time when many people were without work. .

1929년 세계 대공황이 시작되었고 그때는 많은 사람들이 일자리가 없던 시절이었다

Families had little to eat.

가족들은 먹을 것이 거의 없었다.

Benton believed that farms had more to offer Americansthan cities, and he celebrated his rural "American Scene" in huge paintings that made him famous.

Benton은 도시보다 농촌이 미국인에게 제공해 줄 것이 더 많다고 믿었고,   그래서 그는 그를 유명하게 만들어준 거대한 작품들에서 시골적인 ‘미국적 풍경’을 찬양했다.

Bruegel was also influenced by things he saw around him every day.

Bruegel 또한 매일 그가 주변에서 보는 일들에 의해 영향을 받았다.

A rich merchant hired Bruegel to paint The Harvesters and other pictures to be a calendar of the seasons of the year.

한 부유한 상인은 The Harvesters와 그 해의 계절 달력이 될 다른 그림들을 그리도록 bruegel을 고용했다.

Bruegel chose to put field workers, his favorite subject, in every painting.

Bruegel은 그가 좋아하는 소재인 현지 일꾼들을 모든 그림에 넣었다.

He often made their faces look alike but painted their bodies to show different movements.

그는 종종 그들의 얼굴을 비슷하게 그렸으나 그들의 몸은 다른 움직임을 보이도록 그렸다.

The job of harvesting wheat was as essential to life when Bruegel's farmers worked as when Benton painted his farmers.

Bruegel의 농부들이 일했던 때는 Benton이 농부들을 그렸을 때만큼 밀을 수확하는 작업이 삶에서 가장 중요했다.

Even though they were from different times and places, these artists captured a moment of life that─for them─was the same.

비록 서로 다른 시대와 장소에 있었지만 이 예술가들은 그들에게 있어 똑같은 삶의 순간을 포착했다.

Q4. How did two painters form different backgrounds come to paint such similar scenes?

A4. They captured an essential moment of life that was the same.