7강 문단 요약

07강 문단 요약

1. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In an experiment, researchers presented eight college students with thirteen sets of three anagrams. In eight of the thirteen trials, participants solved their anagrams working alone in separated private spaces. In the other five trials, they were instructed to stand up, walk to the front of the room, and try to solve the anagrams on a large blackboard in plain view of the other participants. In these public trials, performing well on the anagrams was more important, since the participants would reap some social rewards in the form of the admiration of their peers or be humiliated if they failed in front of everyone. Would they solve more anagrams in public, when their performance mattered more or in private, when there was no social motivation to do well? As you've probably guessed, the participants solved about twice as many anagrams in private as in public.

* anagram 철저 바꾸기 놀이

The anagram experiment suggests that when the participants have to demonstrate their _____(A)_____ in front of other people, they tend to perform _____(B)_____.

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	leadership	…	more accurately	②	leadership	…	less successfully
③	competence	…	less successfully	④	competence	…	more accurately
⑤	compassion	…	with confidence			…

2. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

One study found that people who had just watched a video of television bloopers were better at solving a puzzle long used by psychologists to test creative thinking. In the test people are given a candle, matches, and a box of tacks and asked to attach the candle to a corkboard wall so it will burn without dripping wax on the floor. Most people given this problem fall into “functional fixedness,”thinking about using the objects in the most conventional ways. But those who had just watched the funny film, compared to others who had watched a film on math or who exercised, were more likely to see an alternative use for the box holding the tacks, and so come up with the creative solution: tack the box to the wall and use it as a candleholder. �                                 * blooper 바보스러운 실수

A good laugh provides _____(A)_____ benefits when it comes to solving a problem that _____(B)_____ a creative solution

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	emotional	…	inspires	②	emotional	…	yields
③	intellectual	…	demands	④	intellectual	…	denies
⑤	physical	…	presuppose			…

3. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Sensory adaptation is extremely useful. It allows us to “get used to”the train whistle during the night and learn to sleep through it. It allows the people who live near a paper mill to get used to the odor that makes visitors to their town wrinkle their noses. This kind of habituation allows us to notice what is different in case we need to react to some change ─ and then to ignore it so that we can turn our attention elsewhere. But it has a drawback. We can miss any change that occurs slowly because we are habituating to it without even realizing it. This means that the same sensory habituation that enables us to sleep through the train whistles can cause us to miss noticing smoke if it has been seeping very slowly into the room, which can cause serious damage.           * seep (물기 연기 등이) 스며 나오다, 새다

Sensory adaptation enables us to get used to familiar things so that we can use our _____(A)_____ effectively, but it may also hinder us from _____(B)_____ slow changes

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	habit	…	noticing	②	habit	…	accepting
③	attention	…	creating	④	attention	…	noticing
⑤	senses	…	creating			…

4. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The Greek philosopher Aristotle proposed a system of classifying animals based on their exterior similarities, but his results were not very useful. Using his system, we would place airline pilots, gliding squirrels, flying fish, owls, and grasshoppers into the same group as birds because each can fly! Such an arrangement is an artificial system of classification. By contrast, the natural system of classification for living organisms that biologists use today relies on the evolutionary history and developmental characteristics of organisms. We place all insects together regardless of their flying ability just as we place all books by Melville together, all compositions of Bach's sons together, and all sea stars together because each group has a common underlying natural origin. The groups are arranged systematically─ that is, in some order that makes structural and evolutionary sense.

Contrary to Aristotle's classification in which animals were grouped in terms of superficial _____(A)_____, the natural system of classification appeals to the basis of the _____(B)_____ species.

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	change	…	biochemical	②	change	…	evolutionary
③	resemblance	…	evolutionary	④	resemblance	…	conceptual
⑤	benefits	…	biochemical			…

5. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

The classic demonstration of the impact of experience on brain growth was by Nobel Prize-winners Thorsten Wiesel and David Hubel, both neuroscientists. They showed that in cats and monkeys, there was a critical period during the first few months of life for the development of the synapses that carry signals from the eye to the visual cortex, where those signals are interpreted. If one eye was kept closed during that period, the number of synapses from that eye to the visual cortex dwindled away, while those from the open eye multiplied. If after the critical period ended the closed eye was reopened, the animal was functionally blind in that eye. Although nothing was wrong with the eye itself, there were too few circuits to the visual cortex for signals from that eye to be interpreted.

* synapse (신경세포) 접합부

Two neuroscientists’experiment demonstrated that the ____(A)_____ of visual experience during a critical period of development leads to blindness from the _____(B)_____ point of view.

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	quality	…	physical	②	orientation	…	physical
③	lack	…	functional	④	intensity	…	functional
⑤	quantity	…	mental			…

6. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Many European nations take an approach to social protection that differs from the social insurance in the United States, which distributes benefits on the basis of contributions made into an insurance system during periods of employment. In Sweden, for example, the government offers benefits on the basis of citizenship rather than on the basis of contribution. Qualification for benefits does not rely on past work history, contributions, or income levels. Universal health care makes medical services available to all citizens. Some argue that programs based on citizenship rights promote even more popular support than social insurance. Despite their general popularity, social insurance programs tend to divide mainstream workers from those who do not qualify. A gap emerges between the “haves”and “have-nots.” In contrast, universal systems gain support from all segments of the stratification system and unite rather than divide citizens. �        * stratification 사회 성층(계층)

Unlike the social insurance in the United States where the distribution of benefits is based on _____(A)_____, the social protection in Europe emphasizes the importance of _____(B)_____.

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	citizenship	…	efficiency	②	citizenship	…	equality
③	contribution	…	efficiency	④	contribution	…	equality
⑤	need	…	fairness			…

7. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Humor can wipe out perceptions of media violence. When humor is present, most viewers regard the violence as absent, even if all other factors are present. This allows viewers to experience some of the highest rates of graphically violent acts while feeling that they are watching no violence. For example, viewers did not rate cartoons as particularly violent although in fact the cartoons did present very high rates of shootings and bombings. They probably think that there is no harm because the cartoon characters are not really hurt, and there is no violence when there is no harm. There may be no harm to characters, but there is more serious harm to viewers than when humor is absent. When violence is linked to humor, people tend to trivialize violence. This is particularly troubling because the more trivial forms of violence are more likely to be imitated.

Media violence portrayed in a humorous way is particularly _____(A)_____  because people are more likely to consider it _____(B)_____.

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	harmful	…	acceptable	②	harmful	…	insulting
③	attractive	…	innocent	④	attractive	…	imaginative
⑤	beneficial	…	unrealistic			…

8. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

In the history of China, the economy first truly flourished in the unstable Zhou dynasty of the first millennium BC. Later, after the Han empire fell apart in AD 220, the Three Kingdoms period saw a rapid advance of culture and technology. When the Tang empire came to an end in 907, and the ‘Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms’fought each other continually, China experienced its most spectacular burst of invention and wealth yet, which the Song dynasty inherited. Even the rebirth of China in the late twentieth century owes much to the breakup of government and to an explosion of local autonomy. The burst of economic activity in China after 1978 was driven by ‘township and village enterprises’ agencies of the government given local freedom to start companies. One of the conflicting features of modern China is the weakness of a central, would-be authoritarian government.

China _____(A)_____ in many respects, including economy, culture and science, when it was _____(B)_____.

	(A)		(B)		(A)		(B)
①	prospered	…	rebuilt	②	prospered	…	fragmented
③	recovered	…	defeated	④	recovered	…	rebuilt
⑤	collapsed	…	fragmented			…