기 출 문 제	교과서	능률(이찬승) 영어 2 (3~5과)	점 수
	이 름

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

Body movements are easier to capture than facial expressions. Animators simply film actors performing a motion and draw the characters onto each individual frame of the movie.

(A) Another way is more complicated, yet more efficient. Animators put tiny markers all over the actors' bodies, and record their movements using several cameras.

(B) Then be wore a dark suit with reflective balls on it to perform Gollum's movements. The location of the balls corresponded with points on Gollum's body. The technique was very successful and the visual effects team won an Oscar for their work.

(C) Gollum, from The Lord of the Rings movie

series, was the product of an early use of this

technique. The actor provided Gollum's voice and filmed scenes with other actors while wearing a white suit, so that he could be digitally inserted later.

① (A)-(B)-(C)  ② (A)-(C)-(B)  ③ (B)-(A)-(C)

④ (B)-(C)-(A)  ⑤ (C)-(A)-(B)

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

4

Facial expressions are much more difficult to capture than body movements because they are smaller and more subtle. The 2004 film The Polar Express was the first completely animated film to use both motion and facial captures. Actor Tom Hanks played six different roles in the film, 80 markers were attached to his body and 152 to his face, 8 cameras recorded his body movements, and 56 cameras recorded his face.

After shooting, the visual effects team analyzed the actor's facial expressions. Then, they were "retargeted" onto the face of the animated character. The markers' positions helped to determine the positions of his facial muscles, and they were matched to the character's facial muscles. Although this system created technically sophisticated results, they were not very realistic. One major problem was that the actor's eye movements could not be captured.

① The function of facial markers

② The role of visual effects team

③ Ways to capture body movements

④ Capturing facial expressions in movies

⑤ The success of The Polar Express

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

4

The sustained development of film-making technologies has already brought some incredible films to movie theaters throughout the world. ① However, it is hard to predict how the film industry will be transformed by new technologies in the future. ② Some experts speculate that they will create a new genre of film. ③ Others even wonder about the possibility of bringing dead actors back to "life" on the screen. ④ Without this technology, we couldn't have made that actor. ⑤ Whatever the future holds, it seems certain that viewers will be able to appreciate the dynamic and detailed movements of virtual characters thanks to the magic of movie technology.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.[4~5]

In 2009, James Cameron filmed the movie Avatar. 그것의 줄거리는 판도라라고 불리는 달에 사는 외계인 Na'vi족에 초점을 맞췄다. In the story, the Na'vi and humans had to appear together on screen in many scenes. Cameron wanted to direct the film while the actors were moving around the set, just like in a live-action movie.

Stephen Rosenbaum, one of the visual effects supervisors, said, "With Avatar, we transformed motion capture into performance capture." The actors performing as the Na'vi wore motion capture suits and their performances were filmed in a warehouse. Then, the actors wore special equipment which held a small camera in front of their faces. 52 dots were marked on key muscles of each actor's face so that the camera could trace their movements and capture their detailed facial expressions. The actors' body and facial movements could then be applied to their Na'vi characters, giving them realistic looks and expressions.

위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

4

① How to Use Motion Capture

② The Prospect of Film Industry

③ The Development of Facial Capture

④ The Rise of Performance Capture

⑤ The Function of Realistic Characters

위 밑줄 친 해석에 맞게 다음의 단어를 사용하여 문장을 완성하시오. (필요시 변형)

Its plot centered on the Na'vi, aliens living on a moon called Pandora.

center on / Pandora / the Na'vi / aliens

/ its plot / live on / a moon / call

→____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

다음 글의 밑줄 친 단어 중 어법상 틀린 두 곳의 기호를 쓰고 올바르게 고치시오.

b: natural, d: arouse

A monster with green skin walks slowly across the movie screen. It turns and ⓐ looks into the camera, raising its eyebrows and smiling. Its expressions look very ⓑ naturally just like a human being's. A cat with a hat and in boots fights with villains ⓒ showing off his splendid fencing skills. His actions are so real, and people can see the fine movements of his fur and muscles throughout the movie. His big, lovely eyes ⓓ arise sympathy for him. They're not actors in masks. They're the product of two ⓔ advanced movie technologies: motion capture, which records body movements, and facial capture, which records facial expressions.

1) (     ) → ___________________

2) (     ) → ___________________

빈칸에 들어갈 말로 알맞지 않은 것은?

3

When I first started writing fiction, I used wittily crafted sentences that would finally prove I had mastery over the English language. However, I later started to consider who the readers of my stories would be. The reader I decided upon as a model was my mother. With her in mind, I began to write stories using all the "Englishes" I grew up with: the simple English I spoke to my mother, the "broken English she used with me, and what I imagined would be her meaning if she could speak in perfect English. I wanted to reveal what language ability tests could never find out: ___________________________. I knew I had succeeded when my mother finished reading my book and said, "So easy to read."

① her imagination

② her perceptive ability

③ wittily crafted sentences

④ her way to see the world

⑤ her ability to watch things carefully

다음 글을 읽고 대답할 수 없는 질문은?

3

My mother knew the limitations of her English as well. Therefore, she sometimes used my English to ask for information or to complain to people who had been rude to her. There were times when she had me call people on the phone for her. When I was 15, she had me call her stockbroker and pretend to be her. "This is Mrs. Tan," I said, My mother was standing behind me whispering, "Why he don't send me check, already two weeks late. So mad he lie to me, losing me money." I translated her broken sentences into perfect English and said calmly, "I'm getting rather concerned. You had agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn't arrived." She also made me tell the stockbroker that if she did not receive her check immediately, she would come in to complain to his boss in person. And the following week, I was sitting there red-faced and quiet while my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting at his boss in her broken english.

① What is the genre of the story?

② When did my mother use my english?

③ How often was my mother treated rudely?

④ Who did I call on the phone for my mother?

⑤ Why did my mother have me call and pretend to be her?

※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.[9~11]

(A) Actually, my mother's language played a large role in shaping my language, and affected my performance on tests. ⓐ My English skills were never judged as poor, but English was not considered my strong point. I did well in English, but not well enough to change people's opinion that my true abilities lay in math and science.

(B) I can understand this. Math is precise: There is only one correct answer. However, for me at least, the answers on English tests were always a matter of opinion and personal experience. For example, there were fill-in-the-blank questions, such as "Even though Tom was _______________. Mary thought he was ______________ _________________." The grammatical structure "even though" limited the correct answer to something like "Even though Tom was shy, Mary thought he was charming." According to my mother, however, there were very few limitations, and many different words could be the answers like, "Even though Tom was foolish, Mary thought he was ridiculous." So I never did well on ⓑ tests like that.

(C) I've often been asked, as a writer, why there are few outstanding Asian americans in American literature. What makes them hesitate to sign up for creative writing programs? Why do so many Chinese students choose engineering as their major in university? These are difficult questions to answer. But recently, I have found in surveys that Asian American students do a lot better on math tests than on English. This makes me think that there are other Asian american families whose English spoken at their home might be described as "broken" or "limited." Perhaps they have teachers who are pushing them away from writing and into math or science as my teachers did to me. Fortunately, I became a writer because I like to challenge ⓒ people's expectations of me.

문장 ⓐ를 (B)단락에 인용된 밑줄 친 grammatical structure를 사용하여 의미가 같게 쓰시오.

Even though my English skills were never judged as poor, English was not considered my strong point.

→____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

윗글에서 ⓑ tests like that이 의미하는 것을 찾아 영어로, ⓒ people's expectations of me이 의미하는 것을 찾아 한국어로 쓰시오.

b: fill-in-the-blank questions,

c: 글쓰기에서 멀어지게 하고, 수학과 과학을

강요하는 것

ⓑ : _________________________________________________

ⓒ : _________________________________________________

윗글 (C)를 읽고, 유추할 수 있는 내용은?

4

① The writer regrets to choose engineering as her major

② The writer was pushed to be a writer by her

teachers

③ Asian American students got better scores on English tests than on math

④ It's not easy to find outstanding Asian Americans in American literature

⑤ The writer assumes that most Asian American families have enough opportunities to study proper English

※ 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.[12~13]

I am a writer and someone who has always loved language. I spend a great deal of my time ⓐ thinking about the power of language - the way it can make us imagine an emotion, an image, or an idea. Language is the tool of my (A) trade. Recently, I gave a talk to a large group of people at which my mom was present. I realized that it was perhaps the first time she had heard me giving a long speech ⓑ filled with standard English. I had learned it in school and through books, but I had never used it with her. Talking with my mother, I sometimes find myself ⓒ sounding like her. For example, I might say, "Not waste money that way." This is the kind of English that I grew up with.

I grew up listening to my Chinese mother ⓓ whose English is grammatically incorrect. Some people say they don't understand my mother's English and even describe it as "broken." This makes it sound as if ti needs to be fixed. I've also heard other terms used for her English, such as "limited" English. Actually, when I was young, mymother's "limited" English limited my view of her. Because she did not express her thoughts perfectly, I considered her thoughts ⓔ imperfectly.

윗글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

5

① ⓐ    ② ⓑ    ③ ⓒ    ④ ⓓ    ⑤ ⓔ

다음에 주어진 사전 뜻풀이 가운데, 위 글 (A) trade의 사전적 의미로 가장 적절한 것은?

1

trade 1. A particular job, especially one needing special skill with your hands; My grandfather was a plumber by trade. 2. the business done by companies, hotels etc.: Working on Saturdays is usual in the retail trade. 3. business activity, especially the amount of goods or products that are sold: A lot of pubs nawadays do most of their trade at lunchtimes. 4. An activity of buying and selling or to exchange goods or services; There has been a marked increase in trade between East and West. 5. an exchange of things you have for something that someone else has: Let's make a trade.

① 1    ② 2    ③ 3    ④ 4    ⑤ 5

주어진 글에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은

4

Animation is loved by people of all ages. It is fun to watch full-length animated movies, but it is also interesting to know how they are made.

(A) Next, the story artists draw storyboards of the scenes in the script. Storyboards look like a comic book. They are full of sketches, which are a guideline for the action and dialog. The text treatments and storyboards are handed over to the art department, where designers create the characters using their creativity. They also design the background sets.

(B) Once story ideas are chosen, the filmmakers write a text treatment. This is a short summary of the main idea. It usually has some basic ideas, but can still be changed.

(C) They try to find the most effective layout to show the story and emotions of the scene. The animators make the movements and facial expressions the characters match each other. Their goal is to make the characters look as lifelike as possible.

(D) Once the characters are fixed, they are created in detail. They can be either drawn by hand and scanned into a computer or sculpted in 3-D. After that, the characters' bones and joints are controlled by a program to move them naturally. Then, the layout artists put the characters in the set.

① (A) - (B) - (C) - (D) ② (A) - (C) - (B) - (D)

③ (B) - (A) - (C) - (D) ④ (B) - (A) - (D) - (C)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A) - (D)

밑줄 친 this problem이 의미하는 것을 본문에 서 찾아 10단어 이하의 영어로 쓰시오.

The actor's eye movements could not be captured.

Facial expressions are much more difficult to capture than body movements because they are smaller and more subtle. The 2004 film The Polar Express was the first completely animated film to use both motion and facial captures. Actor Tom Hanks played six different roles in the film. 80 markers were attached to his body and 152 to his face. 8 cameras recorded his body movements, and 56 cameras recorded his face.

After shooting, the visual effects team analyzed the actor's facial expressions. Then, they were "retargeted" onto the face of the animated character. The markers' positions helped to determine the positions of his facial muscles, and they were matched to the character's facial muscles. Although this system created technically sophisticated results, they were not very realistic. One major problem was that the actor's eye movements could not be captured.

The director of The Polar Express, Robert Zemeckis, solved this problem in his next animated film, Beowulf, in 2007. In addition to the usual markers, electrodes were attached to each actor's face in order to sense the muscles that control eye movement As a result, the eyes of the characters seemed more natural and realistic.

→____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

밑줄 친 부분 중에서 어법적으로 옳지 않은 2개를 골라 바르게 고쳐 쓰시오.

1) have→has, 2) detail→detailed

The sustained development of film-making  technologies ① have already brought some  incredible films to movie theaters throughout the world. However, it is hard to predict ② how the film industry will be transformed by new technologies in the future. Some experts speculate that they will create a new genre of film. ③ Others, even wonder about the possibility of bringing dead actors back to "life" on the screen. Whatever the future holds, it seems certain that viewers will be able to appreciate the dynamic and ④ detail movements of virtual characters thanks to the magic of movie technology.

틀린 부분          고친 부분

▪_____________________ → ______________________

▪_____________________ → ______________________

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중 어법상 적절하지 않은 것은?

1

Recently, I spent some time with a former student of mine, Stephen. He worked for a large bank and had been ① devoted himself to an important project. He’d been ② working hard on a big presentation. He had ③ researched data, created attractive, appealing visual aids and spent many late nights at the office. Proud of the outcome of all his hard work, Stephen sent the final presentation to his boss.

However, just a few hours later, Stephen got a disappointing email from his boss. The email read, “I’m very sorry, but I’ve just ④ heard that the project is going to be canceled. Anyway, this presentation is very impressive. I know you ⑤ worked hard, and you did a good job.” Stephen said that wasn’t the first time that his employer had done something like that.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

다음 글의 (A)와 (B)에 가장 적절한 말은?

4

Stephen knew that although his hard work was ultimately useless, it was not his fault. His work had impressed the boss, and he had received praise for his efforts. ( A ), he couldn’t help but feel frustrated. The experience of working so hard without any apparent outcome had changed the way he felt about his job. He quickly went from feeling happy and useful to feeling dissatisfied and useless.

Stephen said, “It’s bizarre. I worked hard and created really eye-catching slides. My boss gave me compliments, saying that he was satisfied with my work. I know that I will receive a great review and probably get a raise at the end of the year. (  B  ), I should be happy, but I can’t shake the feeling that my work is basically meaningless. What if the project I’m working on next gets canceled, too?”

(A)           (B)

① Fortunately …… Finally

② However   …… Previously

③ Because    …… Since

④ However   …… Obviously

⑤ Because    …… Fortunately

다음 글에서 전체의 흐름과 관계가 없는 문장은?

4

In his experiment, a rat was set in a cage and trained to press a bar. When it did, it would receive food. The rat pressed the bar again for more food and ate merrily. ① But then, the light in the lab would go off and food would not come out anymore. ② The rat realized that food would not be released when the light was not on. ③ Then the researcher opened the cage and placed a cup of food in it. ④ Rats are clever enough to be

trained through repetition. ⑤ At first, the rat appeared uninterested in the cup, expecting that pressing the bar would bring food again. But its wish would not come true. Walking around the cage in frustration, the rat finally noticed the cup of food. When it went over to it, the light suddenly came back on. At this point, the rat had to make a choice.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

밑줄 친 단어 중 의미의 흐름상 적절하지 않은 것은?

3

Almost all of the rats in Jensen’s study-about 200-chose to neglect the free food. Instead, they returned to the bar and pressed it again! Similar to the rats, Jensen later discovered that many animals such as fish, birds, monkeys, and chimpanzees ① favored working for their food more than doing nothing for it. They all chose to earn their food rather than get it ② without any effort.

The results from Jensen’s studies seemed to contradict the accepted theories of economists at the time. According to them, individuals always pursue the greatest reward ③ with the biggest effort. For animals like Jensen’s rats, spending any energy is a form of cost. So why would they spend ④ more energy when they didn’t have to? Why did the rats work when they could have had the same food for free?

The case of the rats suggests the meaning of labor to us. We set objectives for ourselves in our work. We expect a ⑤ rewarding result and we hope that our efforts will be recognized upon completion. Doing work we find worthwhile, we not only fulfill our material desires, but also earn a sense of pride, well-being, and a feeling of accomplishment.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 적절하지 않은 것을 고르시오.

4

Listening to Stephen made me reflect on a story about my sister Devra. As a book editor, she finished ① editing a magazine. She enjoyed the work and got paid for it. She sent her finished work to the publishing house, but the head editor decided ② not to print the book for some reason. My sister was frustrated, ③ knowing that no one would ever read the book she had worked hard on. She regretted ④ to have put so much time into it. These stories about Stephen and Devra made me ⑤ think about the meaning of labor.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경 변화로 가장 적 절한 것은?

5

Recently, I spent some time with a former student of mine, Stephen. He worked for a large bank and had been devoting himself to an important project. He’d been working hard on a big presentation. He had researched data, created attractive, appealing visual aids and spent many late nights at the office. Proud of the outcome of all his hard work, Stephen sent the final presentation to his boss.

However, just a few hours later, Stephen got a disappointing email from his boss. The email read, “I’m very sorry, but I’ve just heard that the project is going to be canceled. Anyway, this presentation is very impressive. I know you worked hard, and you did a good job.” Stephen said that wasn’t the first time that his employer had done something like that.

① useful → envious

② worried → proud

③ irritated → hilarious

④ indifferent → terrified

⑤ confident → dissatisfied

글의 흐름으로 보아 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

1

However, I later started to consider who the

readers of my stories would be.

When I first started writing fiction, I used wittily crafted sentences that I would finally prove I had mastery over the English language. ( ① ) The reader I decided upon as a model was my mother. ( ② ) With her in mind, I began to write stories using all the “Englishes” I grew up with: the simple English I spoke to my mother, the “broken” English she used with me, and what I imagined would be her meaning if she could speak in perfect English. ( ③ ) I wanted to reveal what language ability tests could never find out: her observations and insights. ( ④ ) I knew I had succeeded when my mother finished reading my book and said, “So easy to read.” ( ⑤ )

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

2

Stephen said, “It’s ① bizarre. I worked hard and created really eye-catching slides. My boss gave me ② complaints, saying that he was satisfied with my work. I know that I will receive a great review and probably get ③ a raise at the end of the year. Obviously, I should be happy, but I can’t shake the feeling that my work is basically ④ meaningless. What if the project I’m working on next gets ⑤ canceled, too?”

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

※ 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.[25~26]

I am a writer and someone who has always loved language. I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language -(a) the way it can make us imagine an emotion, an image, or an idea. Language is the tool of my trade.

Recently, I gave a talk to a large group of people at which my mom was present. I realized that it was perhaps the first time she had heard me giving a long speech filled with standard English. I had learned it in school and through books, but I had never used it with her. Talking with my mother, I sometimes find myself (b) sounding like her. For example, I might say, “Not waste money that way.” This is the kind of English that I grew up with. I grew up listening to my Chinese mother (c) which English is grammatically incorrect. Some people say they don’t understand my mother’s English and even describe it as “broken” This makes it sound as if it needs to (d) fix. I’ve also heard other terms used for her English, such as “limited” English. Actually, when I was young, my mother’s “limited” English limited my view of her. There were times when I was ashamed of her English. Because she did not express her thoughts perfectly, I considered her thoughts imperfect. I had plenty of evidence to support (A) that idea. People in stores did not give her good service, pretending not to understand her or even (e) acting as if they did not hear her.

밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중에서 어법상 옳은 것만 있는 대로 고른 것은

4

① (a), (d)      ② (b), (c)    ③ (a), (b), (d)

④ (a), (b), (e)  ⑤ (a), (b), (c), (e)

위 글의 밑줄 친 (A) that idea가 의미하는 것 을 본문의 단어를 사용하여 5단어 이하의 영어로 쓰시오.

my mother's English is imperfect

→ ___________________________________________________

※ 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.[27~28]

My mother knew the limitations of her English as well. Therefore, she sometimes used my English to ask for information or to complain to people who had been rude to her. There were times when she had me call people on the phone for her. When I was 15, she had me call her stockbroker and pretend to be her. “This is Mrs. Tan,” I said My mother was standing behind me whispering, “Why he don’t send me check, already two weeks late. So mad he lie to me, losing me money.” I translated her broken sentences into perfect English and said calmly, “I’m getting rather concerned. You _____________________.” She also made me tell the stockbroker that if she did not receive her check immediately, she would come in to complain to his boss in person. And the following week, (a) I was sitting there red-faced and quiet while my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting at his boss in her broken English.

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a) I 가 느꼈을 심정으로 가장 적절한 것은?

2

① calm and contented

② ashamed and perplexed

③ fascinated but skeptical

④ anxious and enthusiastic

⑤ embarrassed but delighted

위 글의 문맥에 적절하도록 밑줄 친 부분을 <보기>에 주어진 단어만을 사용하여 문장으로 완성하시오.

had agreed to send the check two weeks ago,

but it has not arrived

<보기>

the check, it, arrived, had, has, to,

agreed, two weeks ago, but, not, send

→ You _____________________________________________

__________________________________________________

다음 글의 빈 칸 (A)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

5

Actually, my mother’s language played a large role in shaping my language, and                 (A)        . While my English skills were never judged as poor, compared to math, English was not considered my strong point. I did well in English, but not well enough to change people’s opinion that my true abilities lay in math and science.

I can understand this. Math is precise: There is only one correct answer. However, for me at least, the answers on English tests were always a matter of opinion and personal experience. For example, there were fill-in-the-blank questions, such as “Even though Tom was ____________, Mary thought he was __________________.” The grammatical structure “even though” limited the correct answer to something like “Even though Tom was shy, Mary thought he was charming.” According to my mother, however, there were very few limitations, and many different words could be the answer like, “Even though Tom was foolish, Mary thought he was ridiculous.” So I never did well on tests like that.

① led me to change my career

② affected my physical abilities

③ helped me to think outside the box

④ hindered me from participating in school

activities

⑤ had an effect on my academic achievement at school

다음 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

1

Almost all of the rats in Jensen’s study about animals’ interest in work chose to neglect the free food. Instead, they returned to the bar and pressed it again! Similar to the rats, Jensen later discovered that many animals such as fish, birds, monkeys, and chimpanzees favored working for their food more than doing nothing for it. They all chose to earn their food rather than get it without any effort. The case of the rats suggests the ________________ to us. We set objectives for ourselves in our work. We expect a rewarding result and we hope that our efforts will be recognized upon completion. Doing work we find worthwhile, we not only fulfill our material desires, but also earn a sense of pride, well-being, and a feeling of accomplishment.

① meaning of labor

② disadvantage of leisure

③ reason for saving energy

④ importance of nature conservation

⑤ self-centeredness of human-beings

밑줄 친 ①~④ 중 쓰임이 다른 것 하나를 골라 번호를 쓰고, 나머지 셋이 공통적으로 가리키는 것을 본문에서 찾아 3단어로 쓰시오.

④, my mother's English

I have been thinking lately about my mother’s English. Some of my friends tell me they understand 50 percent of what my mother says. Some say they understand 80 to 90 percent of ① it. Some say they understand none of ② it as if she were speaking Chinese. To me, however, my mother’s English is perfectly clear and natural. ③ It is my mother tongue. ④ It is the language that helped shape the way I saw things, expressed things and made sense of the world as a writer. For example, people might come up with “nightfall” or “dusk” when they are asked to describe the world “sunset”. However, my imaginative mother tongue allowed me to see a burst of colors against a dark sky, the moon rising and the lowering of a curtain of stars whenever I heard the word.

▪ 쓰임이 다른 것: _____________

▪ 나머지 셋이 공통적으로 가리키는 것:

_____________ _____________ _____________

Jensen 연구에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 가장 일치하지 않는 것은?

3

Almost all of the rats in Jensen’s study -about 200 -chose to neglect the free food. Instead, they returned to the bar and pressed it again! Similar to the rats, Jensen later discovered that many animals such as fish, birds, monkeys, and chimpanzees favored working for their food more than doing nothing for it. They all chose to earn their food rather than get it without any effort.

The results from Jensen’s studies seemed to contradict the accepted theories of economists at the time. According to them, individuals always pursue the greatest reward with the least effort. For animals like Jensen’s rats, spending any energy is a form of cost. So why would they spend more energy when they didn’t have to? Why did the rats work when they could have had the same food for free?

The case of the rats suggests the meaning of labor to us. We set objectives for ourselves in our work. We expect a rewarding result and we hope that our efforts will be recognized upon completion. Doing work we find worthwhile, we not only fulfill our material desires, but also earn a sense of pride, well-being, and a feeling of accomplishment.

① 거의 모든 쥐가 먹이를 위해 노력하는 것을    좋아한다.

② 연구 결과는 경제학자들의 학설과 모순되어  보였다.

③ 많은 동물들이 최소의 노력으로 최대의 보상을

원한다.

④ 노동의 의미가 무엇인지를 쥐를 통해 알 수  있었다.

⑤ 노동은 물질적 욕구 충족은 물론 성취감을   제공한다.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

5

Stephen said that wasn’t the first time that his

employer had done something like that.

Recently, I spent some time with a former student of mine, Stephen. He worked for a large bank and had been devoting himself to an important project. He’d been working hard on a big presentation. (①) He had researched data, created attractive, appealing visual aids and spent many late nights at the office. (②) Proud of the outcome of all his hard work, Stephen sent the final presentation to his boss. (③) However, just a few hours later, Stephen got a disappointing email from his boss. (④) The email read, “I’m very sorry, but I’ve just heard that the project is going to be canceled. Anyway, this presentation is very impressive. I know you worked hard, and you did a good job.” (⑤) Stephen knew that although his hard work was ultimately useless, it was not his fault. His work had impressed the boss, and he had received praise for his efforts.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

(A), (B), (C)에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

5

I have been thinking lately about my mother’s English. Some of my friends tell me they understand 50 percent of what my mother says. Some say they understand 80 to 90 percent. Some say they (A) [easily/hardly] understand it as if she were speaking Chinese. To me, however, my mother’s English is perfectly clear and natural. It is my mother tongue. It is the language that helped (B) [disrupt/develop] the way I saw things, expressed things and made sense of the world as a writer. For example, people might come up with “nightfall” or “dusk” when they are asked to describe the world “sunset.” However, my imaginative mother tongue allowed me to see a burst of colors against a dark sky, the moon (C) [rising/setting] and the lowering of a curtain of stars whenever I heard the word.

(A)         (B)         (C)

① easily …… disrupt …… setting

② easily …… develop …… rising

③ easily …… develop …… setting

④ hardly …… disrupt …… setting

⑤ hardly …… develop …… rising

다음 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 의미하는 바가 다른 것은?

5

I grew up listening to my Chinese mother whose English is grammatically incorrect. Some people say they don’t understand ① the incorrect English and even describe it as “broken” This makes it sound as if ② it needs to be fixed. I’ve also heard other terms used for her English, such as ③ “limited” English. Actually, when I was young, my mother’s “limited” English limited my view of her. There were times when I was ashamed of ④ the language. People in stores did not give her good service, pretending not to understand her or even acting as if they did not hear her. My mother knew the limitations of her English as well. Therefore, she sometimes used ⑤ my correct English to ask for information or to complain to people who had been rude to her.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

글을 중 지칭하는 대상이 다른 것은?

5

There were times when she had me call people on the phone for her. When I was 15, she had me call her ① stockbroker and pretend to her. “This is Mrs. Tan,” I said My mother was standing behind me whispering, “Why ② he don’t send me check, already two weeks late. So mad he lie to me, losing me money.” I translated her broken sentences into perfect English and said calmly, “I’m getting rather concerned. ③ You had agreed to send the check two weeks ago, but it hasn’t arrived.” She also made me tell ④ him that if she did not receive her check immediately, she would come in to complain to his boss in person. And the following week, I was sitting there red-faced and quiet while my mother, the real Mrs. Tan, was shouting at ⑤ his boss in her broken English.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

‘I’에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

3

When I first started writing fiction, I used wittily crafted sentences that would finally prove I had mastery over the English language. However, I later started to consider who the readers of my stories would be. The reader I decided upon as a model was my mother. With her in mind, I began to write stories using all the “Englishes” I grew up with: the simple English I spoke to my mother, the “broken” English she used with me, and what I imagined would be her meaning if she could speak in perfect English. I wanted to reveal what language ability tests could never find out: her observations and insights. I knew I had succeeded when my mother finished reading my book and said, “So easy to read.”

① 소설을 쓸 때 재치 있게 만들어진 문장을 사용

했다.

② 나중엔 독자들을 고려하여 글을 쓰기 시작했다.

③ 엄마를 고려해두고 중국어로 글을 썼다.

④ 엄마의 관찰력과 통찰력을 드러내고 싶어 했다.

⑤ 엄마가 읽기 쉽게 책을 썼다.

글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

4

The actors performing as the Na’vi wore motion capture suits and their performances were filmed in a warehouse. Then, the actors wore special equipment which held a small camera in front of their faces. 52 dots were marked on key muscles of each actor’s face so that the camera could trace their movements and capture their detailed facial expressions. The actors’ body and facial movements could then be applied to their Na’vi characters, giving them realistic looks and expressions. Using the facial cameras saved time as the visual effects team didn’t have to wait to adapt the movements to facial expressions. Instead, they could see them together in a live preview, which included the animated alien characters and the computer generated scenery.

① The actors performed in warehouse wearing a special equipment.

② A small camera was used to capture facial

expressions.

③ Na’vi characters became realistic with applied

body and facial movements.

④ Without the facial cameras, less time would have been taken.

⑤ The animated alien characters appeared in a live preview with virtual background.

다음 글을 읽고 요약한 표의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 올바른 말을 글에서 찾아 쓰시오.

(A) capture the actor's eye movements

(B) attach electrodes to each actor's face

The 2004 film The Polar Express was the first completely animated film to use both motion and facial captures. Actor Tom Hanks played six different roles in the film. 80 markers were attached to his body and 152 to his face. 8 cameras recorded his body movements, and 56 cameras recorded his face. After shooting, the visual effects team analyzed the actor’s facial expressions. Then, they were “retargeted” onto the face of the animated character. The markers’ positions helped to determine the positions of his facial muscles, and they were matched to the character’s facial muscles. Although this system created technically sophisticated results, they were not very realistic. One major problem was that the actor’s eye movements could not be captured. The director of The Polar Express, Robert Zemeckis, solved this problem in his next animated film, Beowulf, in 2007. In addition to the usual markers, electrodes were attached to each actor’s face in order to sense the muscles that control eye movement. As a result, the eyes of the characters seemed more natural and realistic.

⇓

The Development of Facial Capture

1. Problem: Not able to        (A)

2. Solution: To        (B)

3. Result: To appreciate more natural and

realistic eyes of characters

<답안 쓰기 조건>

(A): 5단어 이내, 필요시 어형 변화 가능

(B): 6단어 이내, 필요시 어형 변화 가능

(A): _________________________________________________

(B): _________________________________________________

다음 글을 읽고 <보기>에 있는 단어를 모두 사용하여 빈칸을 완성하시오. (어형 변화 없음)

where designers create the characters using

their creativity

Animation is loved by people of all ages. It is fun to watch full-length animated movies, but it is also interesting to know how they are made. Once story ideas are chosen, the filmmakers write a text treatment. This is a short summary of the main idea. It usually has some basic ideas, but can still be changed. Next, the story artists draw storyboards of the scenes in the script. Storyboards look like a comic book. They are full of sketches, which are a guideline for the action and dialog. The text treatments and storyboards are handed over to the art department, _______________________________. They also design the background sets. Once the characters are fixed, they are created in detail. They can be either drawn by hand and scanned into a computer or sculpted in 3-D. After that, the characters’ bones and joints are controlled by a program to move them naturally.

<보기>

the characters, create, using, designers,

their creativity, where

→____________________________________________________

____________________________________________________

다음 글을 읽고 요약한 표의 빈칸 (A)~(C)에 들어갈 올바른 단어를 글에서 찾아 알맞은 형태로 쓰시오.

(A)making (B)putting (C)matching

The layout artists put the characters in the set. They try to find the most effective layout to show the story and emotions of the scene. The animators make the movements and facial expressions of the characters match each other. Their goal is to make the characters look as lifelike as possible. After the characters can move like living creatures, they need to get shaded. In this step, their specific colors and textures are determined and applied delicately. Finally, natural settings such as light and shadows are added, and voice actors record the scripts. After all that work, some special effects are added as a final touch, and a single perfect frame of film is produced.

Contributors In the Process of     (A)

Animated Movies

1. Layout artists: To be responsible for   (B)

characters in the set

2. Animators: To be in charge of    (C)

characters’ facial expressions and the          movements

3. Voice actors: To record the script

(A) : ___________________ (B) : ___________________

(C) : ___________________

주어진 단어를 활용하여 밑줄 친 (A)가 주어진 의미가 되도록 문장을 완성하시오.

predict how the film industry will be transformed by new technologies

The sustained development of film-making technologies has already brought some incredible films to movie theaters throughout the world. However, (A) 새로운 기술들에 의해 미래의 영화 산업이 어떻게 변화할지 예측하기는 어렵다. Some experts speculate that they will create a new genre of film. Others even wonder about the possibility of bringing dead actors back to “life” on the screen. Whatever the future holds, it seems certain that viewers will be able to appreciate the dynamic and detailed movements of virtual characters thanks to the magic of movie technology.

will, predict, transform,

the film industry, new technologies

(A) It is hard to ________________________________ in

the future.

<답안 쓰기 조건>

▪ <보기>에 있는 단어는 모두 사용할 것

▪ 필요시 어형 변화 가능

▪ 필요시 <보기>에 없는 단어 사용 가능

다음 글에서 어법상 틀린 것 3개를 찾아 바르게 고치시오.

①→draw ④→it ⑤→were

Body movements are easier to capture than facial expressions. Animators simply film actors performing a motion and ① drawing the characters onto each individual frame of the movie. Another way is more complicated, yet more efficient. Animators put tiny markers all over the actors’ bodies, and record their movements ② using several cameras. Gollum, from The Lord of the Rings movie series, was the product of an early use of this technique. The actor provided Gollum’s voice and filmed scenes with other actors while wearing a white suit, so that he could be digitally ③ inserted later. Then he wore a dark suit with reflective balls on ④ them to perform Gollum’s movements. The location of the balls corresponded with points on Gollum’s body. The technique was very successful and the visual effects team won an Oscar for their work. Still, there was room for improvement. It was hard to control Gollum’s face. The actor’s expressions were filmed to determine which muscles in his face ⑤ was used, but the animators could only use this as a guide for animation.

1) (     ) → ___________________

2) (     ) → ___________________

3) (     ) → ___________________

다음은 어머니의 언어에 대한 ‘I’의 인식의 변화를 요약한 것이다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 알맞은 단어를 글에서 찾아 쓰시오.(어형 변화 없음)

(A)ashamed (B)value

I was born into a Chinese family in America. My mother is Chinese and many people think that her English is limited and incorrect. They even call it “broken.” As a child, I felt ashamed that my mother spoke English differently. So I did not value it. Later, however, I realized that just because my mother does not use standard English, it does not mean that her thoughts are limited. To me, her English is perfectly clear and natural with lots of observations and insights. My mother tongue has affected me just as much as the English I learned in school. Once I became a writer, I tried, to prove that I had mastery over English by using wittily crafted sentences. However, later I began to write stories in all the types of English thinking about readers like my mother.

At first, ‘I’ felt    (A)    of her mother’s broken English. At the end, ‘I’ came to appreciate its true     (B)    .

(A) : ___________________ (B) : ___________________

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

1

Stephen knew that although his hard work was ultimately useless, it was not his fault. His work had impressed the boss, and he had received praise for his efforts. He couldn’t help but feel frustrated, though. The experience of working so hard without any (A) [obscure / obvious] outcome had changed the way he felt about his job. He quickly went from feeling happy and useful to feeling dissatisfied and useless. He said, “It’s bizarre. I worked hard and created really eye-catching slides. My boss gave me compliments, saying that he was (B) [gratified / flustered] with my work. I know that I will receive a great review and probably get a raise at the end of the year. Obviously, I should be happy, but I can’t (C) [get rid of / come up with] the feeling that my work is basically meaningless. What if the project I’m working on next gets canceled, too?”

(A)         (B)          (C)

① obvious …… gratified …… get rid of

② obvious …… flustered …… get rid of

③ obvious …… gratified …… come up with

④ obscure …… flustered …… come up with

⑤ obscure …… gratified …… get rid of

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

4

However, things turned out to be contrary to its hopes.

In Jensen’s experiment, a rat was set in a cage and trained to press a bar to receive food. The rat pressed the bar again for more food and ate merrily. But then, the light in the lab would go off and food would not come out no more. ( ① ) The rat realized that food would not be released when the light was not on. ( ② ) Then the researcher opened the cage and placed a cup of food in it. ( ③ ) Yet the rat didn’t appear interested in it, expecting that pressing the bar would bring food again. ( ④ ) As the rat walked around the cage in frustration, it finally noticed the cup of food. ( ⑤ ) The light suddenly came back on, when the rat went over to it. At this point, the rat had to make a choice, eating the food in the cup or working to acquire food by pressing the bar.

①       ②       ③       ④       ⑤

ice에 관한 소문을 낸 것

② 수학시험에서 친구의 부정행위를 적발한 것

③ 신발구입 비용을 얻기 위해 어머니께 거짓말을

한 것

④ 주인공이 퍼트린 소문으로 Alice가 힘든 시기를

보낸 것

⑤ 친구들이 자신에 대해 나쁜 말을 쓸까봐 걱정하

는 것

정답