Lesson 7, Cheating Death with Good Eating Habits

How healthy do you look and feel? Do you know that what you eat can

시사 고2 7과

how+형:얼마나 ~한	접속사	니가 먹는 것

make a big difference? If you eat the right food, you can look and feel

큰 차이를 만들다	가주어

healthy. You can hang on to your health and good looks longer. It's not

형용사보어	유지하다/지키다	부사비교급(동사수식)

always easy, however, to decide which foods are right for you. People's

진주어	어순주의 (which:의문형용사(어떤/어느))

dietary standards differ a lot. Some say you should eat lots of fruits and

섭취기준	(=are different)	(that)	=a lot of

vegetables; others emphasize that you should avoid eating too much fat.

강조하다	avoid Ving: ~를 피하다

Even the medical experts don't always agree, but nowadays there's one

동명사	요즘/근래

thing they all seem to agree on: eating lots of fish is good for you.

(that)  = ~one thing on which they all seem to agree

Vegetables are almost never served at the table in Iceland, but Icelanders

거의 제공되지 않는다

live longer than anyone anywhere else in the world. An average of 79.4

그 어디 그 누구보다도	평균

years in 2007, to be exact. That's even longer than the Japanese. The

정확하게 말하면

natives claim that the secret to their long lives is their Viking blood. But

토박이/현지인  ~라고 주장하다    전치사	단수주의

scientists point to their dinner plates.

~를 지적하다

So what's on their dinner plates? Every year, the people of Iceland

consume 29,000 tons of fish, or about 90 kilograms of fish per person.

소비/섭취하다

Even after you take away the bones, heads, guts, and leftovers, that's more

심지어 ~하고 나서도	없애다/제거하다	내장         나머지/찌꺼기

than 170 grams of fish every day for every man, woman, and child living

(who are)

in Iceland. It is eight times as much fish as Americans normally eat. It's

영작주의! = 8 times more fish than ~	가주어

not difficult to see that eating fish and living a long life are linked.

진주어	빈칸추론	: 생선섭취와 장수와 관련이 있다!!

What is it about fish? Scientists believe it's the fat. In the 1970s,

도대체 생선에 뭐기 있길래?	(that)

researchers observed that Greenland Eskimos have a very low death rate

~라는 사실을 관찰하다	사망률(=mortality rate)

from heart disease. Despite the high fat content of their diet, nearly 40

~에도 불구하고	내용(물)	almost(거의)  near(x)

percent of total calories, they rarely died of heart disease.

percentage(x)	거의 ~하지 않을 수 없다 (=Rarely did they die of~)!!

This became known as the "Eskimo Paradox" since it went against

앞내용  ~로 알려지게 되었다	=because	~에 반하다

previous findings that a high－fat diet increased the risk of heart disease.

이전의	동격접속사	증가시키다  위험(=danger)

This finding was later confirmed in studies of other fish－eating cultures,

나중에 확인되었다	생선을 섭취하는 문화

cf. conform: 순응하다/일치하다

such as Japan, Alaska, and the Mediterranean.

=like ~와 같은

In later studies, scientists found that the main factor was the nature of the

cf. latter(순서)	접	요인	특징(=characteristic)

fat in fish. You are advised to avoid the fat in beef and pork because it

~하도록 권고받다

can block your blood vessels, but the fat in fish is something entirely

막다/봉쇄하다	혈관	완전히 다른 무언가 (어순주의)

different. It turns out that there was a strong link between the Eskimos'

~로 드러났다	강한 관계

low incidence of heart disease and their high consumption of fatty fish.

발생/출현	섭취(consume의 명사)

Fish is rich in omega－3 fatty acids, which are essential if the body is to

~에 풍부하다 (=ample/affluent)	that 불가!	필수적인	~하려면

function properly. They are part of every cell in the body, and they are

적절하게 기능하다

used to make hormones. In fact, you need fatty acids in order to live.

be used toV: ~에 이용되다	=so as toV ~하기 위해

be used to Ving: ~에 익숙하다

There are three types of omega－3 fatty acids: EPA, DHA, and AlA. The

first two, EPA and DHA are most easily used by your body. They are

가장 쉽게 사용된다(형태주의)

found in significant amounts only in marine life, particularly cold－water

수동주의!	양 number(x)	바다생물	부사(특히)

fish.

ALA, on the other hand, is primarily obtained from such foods as

연결사주의!	주로(=mainly)  수동! 얻어진다  =foods such as~

soybeans, pumpkin seeds, and walnuts as well as fish. For ALA to provide

A as well as B:	for 명사 toV: ~가 ~하기 위해서

B뿐만 아니라 A

any health benefits, however, your liver must convert it into EPA and

건강혜택	연결사주의!

DHA. About 15 to 20 percent can be converted. That means, for every

수동주의!	앞문장

gram of omega－3 you take in from fish sources, you need about six

(that) =consume(섭취하다)	원천/근원

grams from plant foods to get the same amount of EPA and DBA

부사적(=in order to)

In short, it's much more efficient to eat fish than to eat vegetables. 영작주의!

요컨대   가주어	효과적인	병렬

Then, what benefits can we get from EPA and DHA? EPA and DHA

그러면   어떤/무슨

prevent heart disease. But this isn't the only benefit they offer. When

예방하다	심장병예방	(that)

Harvard University researchers studied 47,882 men for 12 years, they

found that those who ate fish three times a week had a 25 percent lower

접속사 ~하는 사람들

risk of developing some kinds of cancer. There is evidence that these

~의 위험	어떤 종류의	동격접속사

omega－3 fatty acids can help your brain too.

According to a 2005 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

~에 따르면

analysis [that reviewed 497 studies], high EPA and DHA consumption may

분석	주격

help ward off Alzheimer's disease. They also help with depression. A

~를 피하다(=avoid)	~에 도움이 되다	우울증(절망)

Finnish study of 3,204 men and women found that those who ate fish less

핀란드의	접속사

than once a week were 31 percent more likely to be depressed than those

어순/형태주의! ~보다 더 우울해질 가능성이 있다

who ate it at least twice a week.

fish  적어도(=not less than)

No matter how long its list of virtues, you may not want to eat fish.

=however long 아무리 ~하더라도    미덕 cf. vice(악덕)

Changing the way you live can be difficult. Many of us know from

동명사	the way SV: S가 V하는 방식

experience that simply having some knowledge and a desire to make

접속사 simple(x) 동명사주어	형용사적 용법

healthy choices does not result in long－term success. Fried food and pizza

~의 결과를 낳지 않는다   장기적인 성공

are far more tempting.

매력적인(=attractive/appealing)

거의(=almost)

What's more, it's next to impossible to eat as much fish as Icelanders. You

게다가	가주어   거의 불가능한	~만큼 많은 생선

may dutifully eat it for a week, but after that you won't want to see

의무적으로	=a week

another fish for a long time. The good news is that you don't have to eat

another 단수	접속

that much. Just two to three servings of fatty fish per week is enough to

그렇게 많이	1인분	단수주의!

reap the health benefits. This will improve your chances of living a longer,

(결과) 거두다/수확하다	~할 가능성

more productive life. That's not a bad deal.

생산적인	나쁜 거래는 아니다 -> 이익이 있으므로 싫어도 먹어랏!

Lesson 8, You Can't Always Believe Your Eyes

At the beginning of her career as a professional musician, Abbie

시사 고2

~의 시작/처음에

Conant was in Italy playing trombone for the Royal Opera of Turin. In

~를 연주하면서

1980, she applied for various orchestra jobs throughout Europe. She got

~에 지원하다   varying 다양한	~에 걸쳐서

one response: the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra. "Dear Herr (Mr.)

응답

Abbie Conant," the letter began. Looking back, that mistake

As I looked ~

should have rung alarm bells in Conant's mind.

~했어야만 했다(유감/후회) ring alarm bells: 경종을 울리다/경고하다

There were 33 candidates for the audition, and each played behind a

후보자	주의! 독립분사구문 -> ~, each playing

screen. Screened auditions were rare in Europe at that time, but one of

청각적인 정보만으로 지원자 선별    드문(=scarce)	one of 복명: ~중 한 사람

the applicants was the son of someone well－known. For the sake of

어순주의! 잘 알려진 누군가	~를 위해

fairness, the Philharmonic decided to make the first round of auditions

공정함	make 목적어 형용사!!

blind. Conant was number sixteen.

눈으로 보지 않은 채 오디션을 하기로 결정했다	‘망쳤어’ 절망적임

She missed one note (she cracked a G). She said to herself, "That's it,"

놓쳤다	음	삑사리를 내다~ㅋ

and went backstage and started packing up her things to go home, but

소지품들

the committee thought otherwise. Trained classical musicians say that

다르게:	숙련된(=experienced/skilled)          접속사

그녀의 연주를 높게 평가했다는 의미

they can tell whether a player is good or not almost immediately －

~인지 구별하다	거의 바로(금방 알 수 있다)

sometimes in just the first few bars － and with Conant they knew.

Conant의 경우에 / 그들은 알아차렸다

(that she was good)

After she left the audition room, the Philharmonic's music director,

leave: 떠나다

Sergiu Celibidache, cried out, "That's who we want!" The remaining

소리쳤다/외쳤다	저 사람이 우리가 원하는 사람이야!

형태주의! 남아있는

remained(x)

seventeen players, waiting their turn to audition, were sent home.

(who were)	차례	복수/수동주의!

Somebody went backstage to find Conant. When she made her appearance,

부사적용법(~하기 위해)	make appearance: 나타나다

= appeared / showed up

she heard an audible gasp. They were expecting Herr Conant. This was

들을 수 있는   숨참/헐떡거림	능동주의! expected(x)  =Mr.

Frau (Mrs.) Conant.

~부인/~여사	-> 남자를 기대했지만 여자였다!

조금도 과장하지 않고/아무리 약하게 말해도

It was an awkward situation, to say the least. Celibidache was a conductor

난처한/이상한(=unusual/odd)	지휘자

from the old school with very definite ideas about [how music ought to be

보수파	확실한/명백한	어순주의!	=should  수동!

played and about who ought to play music. To Celibidache, a woman

능동!

could not play the trombone. The Munich Philharmonic had one or two

-> 여자에 대한 편견!

women on the violin and the oboe, but those were feminine instruments.

violin & oboe	여성의 ↔ masculine

The trombone is masculine. It is the instrument that men played in

남성의	강조구문아님!!	주격관대

It: the trombone

military marching bands.

군악대

There were two more rounds of auditions. Conant passed both

2번 더의	(auditions)

with flying colors. But once Celibidache and the rest of the committee

당당히/성공적으로	일단 ~하자	나머지

actually saw her, all those long－held prejudices began to compete with

오랫동안 유지해왔던 편견들	~와 경쟁하다

~와 갈등을 일으키다

the winning first impression they had of her performance.

매력적인 첫인상  (that)  (they had impression of her~)

She joined the orchestra as second trombone. ''You know the problem,"

합류하다 join with(x)	~로

Celibidache told her. "We need a man for the solo trombone."

트롬본 독주

It is evident that Conant could not have joined the orchestra

가주어 명백한	가정법과거완료 - 과거사실의 반대!!

if it had not been for the screened audition.

~가 없었더라면 = had it not been for = without = but for

The world of classical music － particularly in its European home － was

고전음악	특히(=especially)

[until very recently] the preserve of white men. Women, it was believed,

아주 최근까지	영역/보존하다	~라고 믿어졌다

simply could not play like men. They didn't have the strength or the

남자처럼	힘/강도

attitude. Their lungs were less powerful. Their hands were smaller. That

자세/태도	덜 강력한	신체적 특징에 의한

aptitude:적성	여성에 대한 편견들

did not seem like a prejudice.

편견(=bias/stereotype)

But over the past few decades, the classical music world has experienced a

지난 몇십년에 걸쳐서	현재완료주의!

revolution. The auditions have been formalized, and an official audition

혁명 evolution: 진화	현재완료수동주의! 자리잡게 되었다	공식적인

committee was established instead of a conductor making the decision all

~가 창설되었다	의미상의 주어: ~가 ~하는 대신에

by himself. Screens were commonly erected between the committee and the

대개의 경우 가림막이 세워졌다 erect: 세우다

candidate. Since the use of screens became usual, the number of women in

become + 형용사! usually(x)

the top U.S. orchestras has increased fivefold. The classical music world

단수주의!	다섯 배로

the number of 복수명사 + 단수동사!!

realized that what they had thought as an objective evaluation － listening

접속사 영작주의! 그들이 객관적인 평가라고 생각했었던 것

to someone play － was in fact hopelessly corrupted. Some people look

명사절; 단수취급!  빈칸! 절망적으로 부패했다

like they sound better than they actually do because they look confident

alike(x)	병렬	are(x)	자신감 있는 형용사!!

and have good posture. Other people may look awful when they play but

볼품없는/끔찍한

sound great. There is always this difference

sound +형용사! greatly(x)

between what you see and hear.

빈칸추론! 보는 것과 듣는 것

여성단원이 있다는 사실

The fact that [there are now women playing for symphony orchestras] is

동격접속사	능동! ~하고 있는	단수주의!

not a trivial change. It matters because it has opened up a world of

사소한 변화가 아니다      중요하다(=count)

possibility for a group that had been locked out of opportunity. It also

가능성	주격   시제주의! 빈칸추론 : 기회가 완전히 배제되었던

matters because by judging only on the basis of ability, orchestras now

~함으로써	능력의 기초에 의해

hire better musicians, and better musicians mean better music. [And how

~를 의미한다

did we get better music?] It was not by building new concert halls or

문장끼워넣기	형태주의!

spending millions of dollars, but by listening with our ears

without being distracted by our eyes.

빈칸추론! 우리의 눈에 의해 방해받지 않고

When Julie Landsman auditioned for the role of principal French horn at

~에 대한 오디션을 보다      수석역할

the Metropolitan Opera (the Met) in 1984, there were no women in the

brass section of the orchestra. Landsman did well. "I knew that I had won

금관악기부분	동사수식 good(x)	시제주의!

before they told me," she says. "I held on to the last high C for a very

유지하다

long time, just to leave no doubt in their minds. And they started to

영작! 단지 일말의 의심의 여지도 남기지 않기 위해

laugh because it was above and beyond the call of duty."

기대했던 것 이상으로

=much more than should be expected

Would she have been hired before the advent of screens? Of course not.

형태주의! 그녀는 뽑힐 수 있었을까?	도래/출현

When they declared her the winner and she stepped out from behind the

declare A B: A를 B라고 표명/발표하다

screen, there was a gasp. It wasn't just that she was a woman, and female

헐떡거림: 놀랐다  단지 ~만은 아니었다.

horn players were rare. And it wasn't just that bold, extended high C,

드문/진귀한	대담하고 길고 높은

which was the kind of sound that they expected from a man only. It was

that 불가!	목적격

because they knew her. Landsman had played for the Met before as a

시제주의!

substitute. Until they listened to her with just their ears, however, they

대신/대체	연결사주의!

had no idea how good she was. When the screen forced them to shut

어순주의! how she was good(x)	force 목 toV: ~하도록 강요하다

their eyes, only then did they see her for who she was. The lesson they

영작주의! = they saw her for who she was only then

learned is this: You can't always believe your eyes.

항상 ~할 수 있지는 않다

Listen with your ears and your heart!

당신의 귀와 마음으로 들어라!! 주제문!

Lesson 9, From Consumption to Conservation

시사 고2

It is said that the average North American consumes 55 kilograms of

문장전환! The average North American is said to consume 55~~

a variety of stuff every day. Consumption on this scale is possible only

다양한(=various)  것/물건	소비/섭취	규모/크기

because of chains of production that reach all over the world. Most of the

연쇄생산	=reaching to	~의 대부분

production, and most of its impacts are hidden from view. Let's take

생산 productivity: 생산성 production  영향   복수/수동주의!!

coffee beans for example. The story of [how a cup of coffee is delivered to

how 주동: 어순주의	~로 배달되다

your hands] will open your eyes to the fact that

주어가 동사라는 사실(동격접속사)

consumption entails pollution.

빈칸추론! 소비가 오염을 수반한다	entail: 수반하다(=involve/accompany)

The Life of a Coffee Bean 제목추론!

pick: (열매) 따다

Let me introduce myself. I'm the 5887th coffee bean that was picked from

주격  수동주의!

the 34th coffee tree at a small mountain farm in the Antioquia region of

지역(=area)

Colombia. Right now, I'm lying in a canister in a house just outside

lie-lay-lain 눕다/~에 있다  보관통(커피등)

Seattle. You want to know how I ended up here? Well, it was quite a

어순! end up~: ~하고 말다	quite a 명사: 상당한 ~

trip. I was told that the farm where I grew up used to have many tall

~라는 말을 들었다	관계부사	(예전에) ~가 있었다(지금은 없다)

shade trees. These trees were home to many birds, but most of the trees

~의 서식처	형태주의! most of trees(x)

got sawed down to make space for high－yielding varieties of coffee. This

형태주의! get pp(수동) 부사적(=in order to)   다수성	톱질당한 사실

saw-sawed-sawn; 톱지리하다	수확을 많이 하는

change increased harvests, but this led to a rapid decline in bird

lead-led-led  lead to+결과  빠른 감소

population: only five percent of the birds survived. Also less carbon

percentage (x)

dioxide was absorbed from the air and rain washed away the soil.

absorb: 흡수하다 (수동주의)	쓸어버리다

The change in environment led to pest outbreaks, so I was showered with

~에의 변화	=result in	발발 cf. breakout: 탈옥   shower: 퍼붓다(수동주의)

insecticide from time to time. When I was ripe, I was picked by a worker

살충제       가끔씩 sometimes	익은/성숙한   수동! pick: 따다

earning less than a dollar a day. Coffee beans are encased in pulpy

=who earned	수동! encase: ~를 용기에 넣다

berries. I was put into a crusher to get rid of the pulp. For one kilogram

섬유질과육  수동! ~에 들어갔다 분쇄기  =to remove(부사적)

of beans, about two kilograms of pulp are generated. They are dumped

~가 생긴다/만들어진다  과육 dump:버리다(수동)

into the nearby Cauca River. As the pulp decomposes, it consumes oxygen

near(x)	S가 분해되다   과육   V1

and makes breathing difficult for the fish.

V2  문장전환!! ~makes it difficult for the fish to breathe!!!! 졸라중요!!

I was sent to New Orleans with other beans harvested at the farm. On

~로 보내지다(수동)	(which are)

this journey, I learned that coffee beans are a global product: we were

접속사	빈칸추론! 세계화된 생산물

transported in a made－in－Japan freighter, built of Korean steel, and

운송되었다(수동)	화물선	(that was)

fueled by Venezuelan oil. My trip to New Orleans was made possible by

화물선 [which was built ~~ and fueled by~]	형태주의! possibly(x)

make 목 형: ~하게 만들다

further pollution. The freighter alone can emit as much pollution as over

더 이상의 further:정도/farther:거리	내뿜다  ~만큼 많은 오염

a quarter million cars put together.

25만대	(that are)	: 25만대를 합친 것 보다 많은 오염을 내뿜다~

In New Orleans, I was roasted for 13 minutes at 200 degrees Celsius. The

roast:볶다(수동)	섭씨 Fahrenheit:화씨

roaster was being operated by natural gas, processed in Texas. After being

볶은기계   과거진행수동! (작동되고 있었다)	(which was) ~에서 처리된

packaged in a four-layer bag constructed of polyethylene, nylon, aluminum

형태주의! ~되고나서	(which was)

foil, and polyester, I got trucked to a big warehouse and then to a smaller

트럭에 실려 ~로 가다

grocery store in Seattle. While I was being transported, the trucks

형태주의!	운송되고 있는 동안(수동)

were emitting CO2 into the atmosphere.

내뿜고 있었다(능동) 목적어

It was three days after my arrival at the grocery store that a lady took me

강조구문: ~한 것은 ~였다.	도착 cf. departure:출발	의미상 when가능!

to her house. Maybe tomorrow morning, I will be ground with about 100

grind-ground-ground 갈다/분쇄하다(수동)

other beans and brewed into a cup of coffee. [Don't you think people

brew:(술/차)끓이다(수동)	(that)

go through a lot of trouble to drink coffee?] 문장끼워넣기!!

겪다(=undergo)

It's common for people to have a cup of coffee as soon as they get up in

가주어	의미상주어	진주어	~하자마자(=the minute/the moment)

the morning. Now that you've heard the coffee bean's story, you have

접속사: (이제)~하니까(=because)

learned about all the pollution created just from producing and

(which is)

transporting one coffee bean, not to mention all the other everyday stuff

~는 말할 것도 없이	다른 모든 일상적인 물건

that people consume! Even if you don't have a wasteful lifestyle and you

목적격(생략가능)	설령 ~할지라도	낭비하는

recycle, you still cause pollution just by consuming stuff.

야기하다	빈칸! 단지 물건을 소비함으로써

Start thinking about where the things in your life come from. As

동명사	어순주의! 어디에서 S가 V하는지	when/while ~동안

hamburgers, soda cans, and T-shirts make their way toward you, they

당신에게 오는 동안

leave a lot of trash behind. Yet you probably consume such everyday stuff

leave 목 behind: ~를 남기다	그러나	그러한 일상적 물건

without a second thought.	햄버거/소다/티

깊이 생각하지 않고

It does not have to be this way. There is much that consumers can do to

앞문장	대명사  목적격	in order to

reduce the impact of their consumption. In our personal lives, we can try

영향/충격

to make our behavior match our ideals. We can live more simply,

명사적	우리의 행동이 우리의 이상에 일치하도록

reducing negative effects on the environment as well as saving money.

줄이면서(분사)	돈을 절약하는 것 뿐만 아니라

Instead of drinking coffee which has to travel around the world to reach

~대신에       동명사	주격	부사적 to(x)

us, we might change to locally produced tea.

~로 바꿀수 있다   지역에서 생산되는 차: 국산애용하자!!

This is just one example. There are many ways you can adjust your life

조정하다

so that your actions don't make such a big impact on the environment.

~할 수 있도록  빈칸! 여러분의 행동이 환경에 그렇게 큰 영향을 끼치지 않도록

=so big an impact

If everyone in the world made even slight changes to their daily routine,

가정법과거	약간의 변화	매일의 일과

we would be making some significant improvements. Although lobbying

능동! be made(x)	빈칸: 의미 있는 개성	despite(x)	동명사

the government and putting pressure on big corporations can help us save

동명사	=to save

the world, we should start by getting our family and friends to live

동명사	get 목 toV: ~하게 하다!!

simpler lives. Saving the environment is really a lot easier than you think.

더 단순환 삶	동명사	단수취급!	당신이 생각하는 것보다 훨씬 쉽다

Even small adjustments in the pattern of consumption can make a big

조정

impact on the environment in different parts of the world.

~에 큰 영향을 미치다

One of the best ways to reduce material consumption is to focus on the

~중 하나	형용사적 용법	물질적인 소비	명사적(보어)=focusing

nonmaterial things often lacking in our lives. We sometimes consume

=mental 빗물질적	=that often lack!!!

to compensate for some emotional needs. Feeling lonely or dissatisfied,

부사적 :보완하기 위해       감정적인/정서적인 결핍	분사! As we feel~

lacking community or losing a sense of belonging, we shop. Instead, how

as we lack~  친교/교제    as we lose    소속감	연결사주의!

about concentrating on friendship and community? It may make us

~하는 것은 어떤가?  동명사	우정과 공동체에 집중하는 것

happier while, almost without our noticing, it reduces our consumption.

most(x)	의미상주어

거의 우리가 의식하지 못하는 사이에

Lesson 10, An Elevator to Space

시사 고2

"Ladies and Gentlemen, welcome to the MillenniumTwo Space Elevator.

~에 오신 것을 환영함다

The entire ride will take about five hours, so sit back and enjoy the trip.

전체비행시간	걸리다/필요하다	편하게 앉다

As we rise, be sure to look out the window at the curve of the Earth and

(우주로)	반드시 ~하다	지구의 곡선

올라가는 동안

the sky changing from deep blue to black, truly one of the most

~에서 ~로 바뀌는 하늘	one of 복명: ~중 하나

breathtaking views you will ever see!"

멋진/훌륭한	(that)  당신이 보게 될

Does this sound like science fiction? Well, it's not. It is a real possibility -

위의 안내문  sound like 명사	(science fiction)	가능한 일

a "space elevator" - that researchers are considering today as a

목적격!	능동주의!	~로

space transportation system for the next century.

우주운송시스템

In simplest terms, a space elevator is an elevator that rises above the

용어/학기/임기/조건	=rising

Earth's atmosphere and into space. It is also sometimes called a

대기를 벗어나 우주로 올라가는	수동! 가끔 ~로 불린다

"beanstalk," after the fairy tale "Jack and the Beanstalk," in which Jack

~를 따서	=where +완전

climbs a giant beanstalk that has grown so high that it reaches above the

주격	highly(x)	=a giant beanstalk

so 형/부 that~ 너무 ~해서 ~하다	동명사

clouds. Building such an elevator would involve constructing a cable about

동명사   그러한	invlove Ving: ~를 수반한다/포함한다

36,000 kilometers long that could put men and goods into orbit around the

주격(선행사는 a cable)	상품	궤도

Earth.

A Major Advance 주요한 진보(제목추론!)

Until recently, building a space elevator with the materials available to us

최근까지	동명사	(which are)

would have been impossible because those materials are too weak to

형태주의! 가능했을텐데-> 불가능했다	너무 ~해서 하지 못하다 so(x)

support the weight of such a long cable. In 1991, carbon nanotubes were

어순주의! =so long a cable

developed. These are tiny fibers made of carbon that are much thinner

수동: 개발되었다	(which are)   병렬	주격(선행사는nanotubes!!)

than a human hair and yet are incredibly strong. Soon, scientists will have

perfected the technology needed to produce carbon nanotubes that are long

미래완료!!	(which is)	주격(that are 생략가)

enough and strong enough to create the ribbon -like cable needed to build

형용사 enough toV: ~하기에 충분히 ~한 (부사적용법)	(which is)

a space elevator.

이 문장 해석/구조 주의!!

how toV ~하는 방법

The next problem that needs to be solved is how to manufacture carbon

주의! ~needs solving (x) ~needs to solve(x)

nanotubes in quantities large enough to build the cables for the space

(which are) ~하기에 충분한 양

elevator. Progress in nanotube research has been very fast, so it appears

진보/발달	단수!	~처럼 보인다

that we will be able to manufacture carbon nanotubes in large quantities

~할 수 있을 것이다

in the near future.

Given the amazing strength of carbon nanotubes and the rapid speed

given + 명사:	빠른

~를 고려하면

at which they are being developed, a space elevator could be

전치사주의!	be being pp: 되고 있는 중

they are being developed at the speed.

up and running within a decade. This will take space exploration to

운영될 것이다	10년	space elevator가 만들어져 운영되는 것

up and running: 작동중인	take A to B: A를 B로 데리고 가다

a new level that we have hardly even imagined until now.

목적격	=rarely/scarcely	지금까지 (현재완료와 함께)

How the Elevator Will Be Built

One key feature of a space elevator will be the use of a satellite orbiting

한가지 중요한 특징	(which is)

almost 35,800 kilometers above the equator. At that height, the orbital

=nearly 거의	적도	높이 width:너비/length:길이

speed of a satellite exactly matches the rotation of the Earth below it,

주어!	정확하게 일치한다(단수주의)  지구의 자전	the satellite

so that when seen from the surface of the Earth, the satellite appears to

그래서 ~할 수 있게  when the satellite is seen~	appear(=seem) toV ~처럼 보이다

remain at the same spot in the sky all the time.

be remained(x)    항상 하늘의 같은 위치에 머물러 있게 보인다

An initial cable will be lowered from the satellite to a station floating on

초기의       lower 낮추다, 내리다/raise 올리다	(which is)  분사

the ocean below it. The force of gravity at the lower end and the outward

중력	끝	바깥쪽으로 당기는 힘

pull of the satellite orbiting above will combine to keep the cable tight.

(which is)	S가 결합되어 ~하다	keep 목 형용사 tightly(x)

The cable will remain stationary over a single position at the equator. A

고정되어 머무르다 cf. stationery 문구

good thing about being at the equator is that severe storms rarely occur in

적도에 위치한 것에 관한	접속사

문장전환: Rarely do severe storms occur!!

that area.

Once the first cable is secure, automatic machines will be attached to the

일단 ~가 ~하면            안전한	~에 부착되다(수동!) detach 떼어내다

cable that will climb it, adding more and more ribbon to the cable to

주격	and add	전치사    to부정사(부사적)

increase its strength. To get the cable to a thickness and strength capable

진주어	(which are)

of supporting over 20 tons, it will take about two and a half years. Then

가주어	그리고 나면(성공하면)

the space elevator will be ready for regular service. If the initial elevator is

~할 준비가 되다  정규운행

successful, even larger systems capable of handling larger loads will be

성공적인 cf. successive (계승하는)	하중/짐

built.

It will take about two and a half years to get the cable to a thickness and strength capable of supporting over 20 tons.

20톤 이상을 지탱할 수 있는 두께와 강도를 가진 케이블을 만드는데 2년 반정도 걸릴 것이다.

A New Age of Space Travel

The space elevator is not just a theory anymore. Money is actually being

단지 ~만은 아니다	be being pp: ~되고 있는 중(수동주의)

spent on research and development to work out the practical details of

in order toV:  실용적인 세부사항을 수행하기 위해

how to build it. About six billion dollars is being invested in the project,

현재진행수동! 투자되고 있는 중

and those involved firmly believe that the space elevator is worth

those who are involved:  굳게 믿고 있다	be worth +명사

관련된 사람들	가주어	be worthy of +명사

whatever it may cost to put it up.

anything that(o)  얼마가 들더라도 그 만큼의 가치가 있다고

no matter what(x)

Despite decades of practical experience, the cost of launching a rocket has

+ 명사	수십 년간의 실제 경험	단수주의!

(~하더라도)	가주어	진주어	has been remained(x)

remained extremely high. It costs roughly twenty thousand to eighty

remain의 형용사보어 highly(x)  대략	전치사

thousand dollars per kilogram to put a rocket into space. With the space

elevator, the cost, difficulty, and complexity of going into space will be

복잡함 cf. complexion(사람의 안색)

greatly reduced. The space elevator may make space travel less expensive

아주 감소될 것이다	make 목 형용사!

and safer. The first space elevator could quickly reduce lift costs to $1,000

수송비용

reduce A to B: A를 B로 줄이다

per kilogram.

Using the initial space elevator, we'll be able to build larger ones that will

~를 사용해서	space elevators  즈격

cause costs to drop even more and make large-scale use of space for

cause 목 toV: ~하도록 야기하다	drop과 병렬    대규모의 사용

commercial, military, and scientific purposes practical. Space elevators can

목적      make 목 형 practically(x)

be used for the first leg of travel to the moon, Mars, and beyond.

be used for 명사:~에 사용되다   여행의 첫걸음

Challenges Ahead

Even though the challenges of making the space elevator are great, there

비록 ~할지라도	동명사	복수주의!

are no problems that could not be overcome. Of course, we will have to

이중부정: 극복되지 못할 문제가 없다! 다 극복할 수 있다

come up with ways to keep the elevator safe from orbiting debris, such as

~를 생각해 내다	형용사적 용법    keep 목 형용사 safely(x)  궤도를 그리는 파편들

put up with: 참다/견디다

catch up with: 따라잡다	keep up with: 보조를 맞추다

meteors or dead satellites, but once the elevator is completed and

일단 ~하면	수동: 완성되면

in operation, all our doubts and concerns about it

작동중인 (완성되어 작동하면)	궤도를 그리는 파편들로부터

엘리베이터를 안전하게 하는 것

will seem to have been trivial.

영작주의! 사소한 것처럼 여겨질 것이다.

문장전환!

It will seem that all our doubts and concerns about it were trivial