take 12

grammar

1. A : I'm trying to find a pair of roller blades.

B : We have ________ over there.

(a) some (b) little (c) it (d) a little

2. A : My boyfriend asked me to marry him, and I'm going to say yes.

B : But, _______ you wait until you are a little older?

(a) wouldn't (b) shouldn't (c) shall (d) will

3. A : I met a guy named John at the party. He was a bit conceited. He even told me he was rich.

B : Wow, sounds _______ the guy's more than a little vain.

(a) as (b) though (c) like (d) as much as

4. It would be great if the whole family _________ go to Guam together sometime soon.

(a) will (b) might (c) shall (d) could

5. It came close ________ the prettiest bowl he had ever seen.

(a) to be (b) for being (c) has been (d) to being

6. Mary gained recognition as a politician __________ when she challenged the leader on a number of key issues.

(a) to reckon (b) to be reckoned with (c) to be reckoned (d) to reckon with

7. (a) A : Mary, I don't think we should see each other any more.

(b) B : Why? What makes you say that?

(c) A : I think you're just too serious for me.

(d) B : Oh, I didn't know you were felt that way.

8. (a) A : Yesterday, Hyundai offered me a job with a promise of promotion within six months. I wanted to know if GE could match that offer.

(b) B : Unfortunately, we can't. As you know, three of our major clients went bankrupt last year.

(c) A : Then, I'm afraid I need to hand in my notice. My last day will be Monday the 15th.

(d) B : I will be happy to writing you a glowing letter of recommendation if you need one.

9. (a) Even when you are weaning your baby, milk continues to be essential nutrient and important source of energy. (b) Once a full and varied diet has begun to be established, you can give your baby breast milk or infant formula. (c) The minimum intake of any of these should be at least 500 ml of 1 pint per day. (d) Of course, breast milk is undoubtedly the source of nutrition for normal healthy babies.

10. (a) All students at the University must belong to a College. (b) Each of the 40 Colleges forms a separate community and members represent most of the academic subjects. (c) Colleges are independent to the University faculties and departments. (d) The college fulfills various roles for each student, including providing a social structure, tutorial care, and accommodation.

vocabulary

1. A : I need to find a new place to live.

B : There might be some __________ in the building where I live.

(a) vacancies (b) evacuations (c) halls (d) area

2. A : Has it stopped raining yet?

B : No, but it's beginning to ___________ a little.

(a) let up (b) let down (c) leave out (d) look after

3. A : I'd like to attend your class.

B : I'm sorry. My class is ___________.

(a) loaded (b) popular (c) full (d) empty

4. A : I'm collecting money for the Red Cross. I think I'll ask Richard to contribute.

B : Save your __________. Richard never contributes to anything.

(a) money (b) trouble (c) luck (d) breath

5. A : I got stopped by the police for speeding, and I have to pay a big fine.

B : Well, if it's your first offense, the judge might __________ you.

(a) give a hand with (b) go easy on (c) go off with (d) have a word with

6. All of the parents were __________ dumb when they arrived al the scene of the train accident.

(a) made (b) hit (c) struck (d) stopped

7. Improved ___________ techniques can alert individuals to incipient illnesses.

(a) ongoing (b) operational (c) designated (d) diagnostic

8. The young man worked hard on his vegetable garden thinking that it had a great possibility for _____________.

(a) finance (b) benefits (c) nutrition (d) profit

9. Our family relationships were created more by intertwining letters than by conversation, for we all wrote avidly back and forth to each other but were __________ when we met.

(a) consistent (b) extrovert (c) talkative (d) reticent

10. One historian described the Glendale Narrows as a "veritable jungle of cactus and pther growth that early pioneers had never ________ to travel through, even on horseback."

(a) needed (b) dreamed (c) dared (d) thought

reading

1.

Why study in Canada? Find out by attending the 20th annual Canadian Education Fair on May 2nd, at the Royal Hotel, Grand Ballroom, from 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. The fair is hosted by the Canadian Education Center and sponsored by the Canadian Embassy. _____________________________.

(a) For further details check our website at ces.net

(b) We warmly invite you to join our English speaking family

(c) Visit our website to make new friends and learn English

(d) A charismatic minister from Canada is holding bible study

2.

Although each author may submit as many abstracts as desired, we will accept for presentation by each submitter: (a) a maximum of 1 first authored paper and (b) a maximum of 2 papers in any authorship status. Note that no changes in authorship ____________ will be possible after the review process is completed. Acknowledgement of receipt of the abstract will be sent by e-mail as soon as possible after receipt.

(a) receiving pre-registration materials and preliminary schedule.

(b) excluding notice of acceptance or rejection

(c) including deleting an author or changing author order

(d) expanding the scope of the article

3.

Your Madonna's Bridal consultant will help you choose the dress to try on and take home today! What makes our exclusive dresses special? Of course it is the quality. Every dress is made to our exacting specifications.

Madonna's has hundreds of gowns in stock, and every week new models arrive from leading designers. No other store can match our selection and allow you to try on your dress, in your size, and take it home with you today. And now, ________________, you can even order your dress in size 34, add extra length or select from alternate colors.

(a) to show your friends and family

(b) with our new Special Requests Service

(c) if you click for a 3D virtual reality view of these styles

(d) nonsensical to display your selections online

4.

Constant sun in your eyes can be exhausting on a long journey and may well affect your concentration. Even if you don't feel the need, the correct sunglasses can reduce the glare and keep your eyes efficient for longer. This is especially important if you're driving abroad, where conditions are hotter and the sunlight brighter than you may be used to. Glare can be worse in the winter when the sun is low in the sky. _______________ to cut out as much glare as possible. Avoid looking directly into the sun.

(a) Reduce speed and take extra care

(b) Keep the windscreen as clear as possible of water and grease marks

(c) Wear sunglasses and/or use your sun-visor

(d) Make sure you're prepared for the weather

5.

Most parents do not bring their children to the dentist before age three, despite pediatrician and dentist guidelines recommending early dental visits. The American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry recommends that children have their first dental visit during their first year of life, while the American Academy of Pediatrics recommends that first visit be at age three. Thus, we are missing the opportunity to identify those children who have dental cavities before they develop serious dental problems. We are also missing an opportunity to educate parents about _____________ in their young children.

(a) these bizarre tendencies

(b) how dental disease can be prevented

(c) the side effects of fluoride treatments

(d) how to reduce bad breath

6.

Two prominent people in Britain received packages that could be similar to the ones that were mailed to the Prince of Wales and a Welsh lawmaker's assistant containing dangerous chemicals disguised as olive oil.

________________, which means that police may never know what they contained. The drama began on Friday when the police announced that two packages received by the Prince of Wales and the lawmaker's assistant contained sulphuric acid.

(a) Meanwhile, officers continued to focus their investigation on a clam by a suspect

(b) The suspect claimed that he mailed ten more such packages in Britain

(c) The two prominent people threw the packages out without opening them

(d) It was believed to be part of a campaign by a Scottish nationalist group

7.

It is far from controversial to state that growing up digital facilitates developing thinking and intellect. But what about the effect on behavior and social skills? The answer might surprise you. We have heard extensive tales and theories about how children are becoming glued to the screen: losing their attention span: becoming Net-addicted and increasingly anxious, self-absorbed, and even cruel through Net interaction. While there is much that remains to be learned, and while there are significant issues yet to be resolved, overall it would seem that ______________. Digital kids are effectively learning the social skills which will be required for effective interaction in the digital economy.

(a) conventional wisdom is wrong

(b) there are more questions than answers

(c) technology is complicating matters

(d) online content should not change

8.

The most difficult questions that teachers face often have little to do with the content of the course or the way it is taught. Instead, teachers focus on the ethical issues of teaching and how we relate to our students, our institution, our discipline, and society at large. What are our responsibilities to wach constituency, and what do we do when they conflict? Unfortunately, _________________.

(a) we have no choice but to contend with bureaucracy

(b) there are no easy answers to these questions

(c) considefably more research is required

(d) teachers seem to know little about these issues

9.

Obesity exacts a higher toll on health and healthcare costs than either smoking or frinking because obesity-related problems are near epidemic level. Smoking and drinking are also responsible for some serious health problems, but active smoking leads to a more modest 20-percent increase in healthcare costs and 30-percent rise in medication costs. Obesity, on the other hand, is linked to a range of chronic conditions, which _______________. Some dignificant causes of the growing obesity problem are more hours in front of the TV, less physical activity, and a car-obsessed culture.

(a) require less serious medical care

(b) are associated with heavy smoking

(c) have to do with the consumption of vegetables and fats

(d) have a large impact on healthcare costs

10.

Hunger, hostile Indians, and disease took many lives in the early years of settlement before the settlers learned to cope with their new environment. At one point ______________. Much trouble arose from the organization and aims of the enterprise. Anxious for quick profit from gold or a northwest passage, the settlers were slow to settle down to the mundane agricultural labor necessary for the colony to sustain itself. The reluctance arose partly from the fact that all the original settlers were employees of the company and their labor was controlled under military discipline by an autocratic governor.

(a) the colony was almost abandoned

(b) the company made an effort recruit immigrants

(c) the disaster so discredited the company that the King revoked its charter

(d) the Virginia environment produced enslavement

11.

Combining elements to from a compound id very different from just mixing them together. While in compounds, atoms of different elements bond in a chemical reaction, mixtures are mere combinations of different elements or compounds. Sea water, for instance, is a mixture of water with other compounds, such as salt. A compound, such as iron sulphide, is very different from its elements, but a mixture keeps the properties of the substance it contains. Unlike compounds, no chemical reaction takes place when the elements or compounds mix together. This means that ______________.

(a) the elements can be arranged to make different compounds

(b) they can be used to build chemical structures

(c) it is usually possible to separate mixtures into their different parts

(d) there are compounds and mixtures everywhere in big cities

12.

Good historians deal with currents and crosscurrents as they build pictures of the past. Good lawyers are zealous advocates in service of a cause (with the desirable result always set se ante), and to that end, they seize upon data favorable to their argument, exaggerate its importance, and extrapolate the conclusions they seek from the distorted picture they have created. Given this reality, it is not surprising that good lawyers often make ________________-or that when lawyers use history to make arguments, they often use it one-sidedly.

(a) bad historians

(b) zealous lawyers

(c) favorable arguers

(d) unconvincing exaggerators

13.

Far from being in a "crisis" condition, Japan remains one of the world's wealthiest countries, with its standard of living among the world's highest. ___________ sales of luxury goods such as Burberry, Gucci and Channel continue to be strong. Japan's high comfort level is a legacy of the 1970s and 1980s, when its economy was the wonder of the world, recording the highest annual growth among all developed countries. The explanation of Japan's economic miracle was the subject of many policy and academic debates.

(a) Nevertheless

(b) Instead

(c) After

(d) For example

14.

With the popularization of the concept of calorie counting, physical features once regarded as natural-such as shape and body weight-were designated as objects of conscious control. The notion of weight control through the restriction of calories implied that being overweight resulted solely from lack of control; to be a fat woman constituted a failure of personal morality.

Q. What is the main idea of this passage?

(a) Physical features have a lot to do with the mind.

(b) Dieting is a matter of reducing calories.

(c) Women do not have to reduce their body weight.

(d) Appetite control is an issue of personal morality.

15.

Advertisers use many methods to get us to buy their products. One of their most successful methods is to make us feel dissatisfied with ourselves and our imperfect lives. Advertisements show us who we aren't and what we don't have. Our teeth aren't white enough. Our hair isn't shiny enough. Our clothes aren't clean enough. Advertisements make us afraid that people won't like us if we don't use the advertised products. " Why don't I have any dates?" a good-looking girl sadly asks in a commercial. "Here," replies her roommate, " Try Miracle Toothpaste!" Of course she tries it, and immediately the whole football team falls in love with her. "That's a stupid commercial," we might say. But we still buy Miracle Toothpaste out of fear of being unpopular and having no friends.

Q. Which of the following best summarizes the passage?

(a) how we look to others os really important.

(b) Advertisements achieve their goal by making us feel unhappy.

(c) Advertisements help us to be happy by purchasing their goods.

(d) We should keep our teeth healthy by using "Miracle Toothpaste."

16.

Almost everyone agrees that children in mother-only homes suffer harmful consequences: these youngsters are more likely than those in two-parent families to be suspended from abuse, and take drugs. Some of there problems may arise from the economic circumstances of these one-parent families, but the best studies show that low income can explain, at most, about half of the differences between single-parent and two-parent families. The rest is explained by a mother living without a husband.

Q. According to this passage, which of the following may be correct?

(a) Children in mother-only homes are more likely to become juvenile delinquents.

(b) Single mothers take better care of their children than single fathers.

(c) Most of the problems in children of single-parent families are caused by poverty.

(d) The problems of single-mother children are not related to their economic circumstances.

17.

Let me suggest that beneath the popular support for marriage there has slowly developed, almost unnoticed, a subversion of it: whereas marriage was once thought to be about a social union, it is now about personal preferences. At one time law and opinion enforced the desirability of marriage with inquiring into what went on in that union: today law and opinion enforce the desirability of individual happiness without worrying too much about maintaining a formal relationship. Marriage was once a sacrament, then it become a contract, and now it is an arrangement. Once religion provided the sacrament, then the law enforced the contract, and now personal preferences define the arrangement.

Q. According to this passage, how can define marriage at the present time?

(a) As sacred obligation

(b) An association of two individuals

(c) A social contract

(d) A cultural heritage

18.

In terms of sheer economic impact, the single most important, dynamic, defining technological innovation in America hasn't been the silicon chip: it's the relentless promotional promise of "everyday low prices." Sure, Microsoft, Intel, Cisco and Dell may be terrific companies, but the true corporate leader driving productivity improvement over the past decade has been Wal-Mart. The reason is simple. Wal-Mart is by far the commercial world's most influential purchaser and implementer of software and systems. Microsoft and Cisco may set technical standards: Wal-Mart sets business process standards. When Wal-Mart-which is bigger than Sears, Kmart and J.C. Penney combined-wants global suppliers like Procter and Gamble or GE or Pfizer to comply with its inventory software and data networks, they do so or else "everyday low prices" don't come cheap.

Q. According to this passage, what brought forth a revolution in economic productivity?

(a) Corporate IT departments

(b) The latest Windows upgrade

(c) A faster microprocessor from Intel

(d) Wal-Mart's ongoing infrastructure innovation

19.

The reason beauty may be making a strong comeback here in the United State, says Herz, is "America is the most pluralist country in the world. No other place has so many kinds of different people living next to each other. Far from being an empire in descent, we have a tremendous head start because we are so used to living among different people, while still feeling like part of the same thing. That's what we're trying to get at-a cohesive identity, even though there are so many things going on, and conflict. That's part of what makes us strong. That's what makes it beautiful."

Q. What may be a characteristic feature of beauty discussed in this passage?

(a) Diversity

(b) Uniformity

(c) Universality

(d) Sublimity

20.

The utter degradation of black experience is central to the problem of poverty and mental retardation. But if the poor black has suffered from the stigma of race, the poor whit has suffered from the stigma of not having succeeded on a society which places few racial barriers before him. A white man's failure in America, which preaches upward mobility, is of itself a unique indictment of inferiority. To what else can a white man's poverty be ascribed?

Q. How os the poor white viewed according to the passage?

(a) As being white and inexperienced

(b) As being unable to educate himself

(c) As having to compete with poor blacks for the same jobs

(d) As not having succeeded despite the lack of racial barriers

21.

Gender gaps in education-unlike the more pressing and intractable gaps associated with parental involvement, race and class-have proved to be surprisingly bridgeable, at least when it comes to girls. The remarkable progress of girls in academic achievement and higher education over the last 30 years demonstrates that their delays and difficulties were not inevitable. It is fair to assume that boys have the same potential for catching up. What remains to be seen, however, is whether their plight can motivate adults to agree on a plan of action and finally get it off the ground.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

(a) Girl have been able to overcome shortcomings in educational achievement.

(b) Parents have reached a consensus on the issue of boy's education.

(c) Gender gaps in education are inevitable.

(d) Girls still need strict discipline in higher education.

22.

The word downsizing, both an excuse and not a very happy euphemism for firing people, needs a mate: upsizing. The country seems to be in a serious upsizing phase. It may have begun with the naming of the size of cups at Starbuck's. A small cup at Starbuck's is known as a tall, a middle-size cup is a grande, and a large cup is a venti, the Italian word for twenty, which must stand for twenty ounces. Got it? America now being the world's lone superpower, perhaps the word small os no longer permitted to us. At 5'7" and 135 pounds, I have a personal stake in this matter of the disappearance of the word small. I'm not sure which gets lost first, the word or the thing it describes, but I do know that once the word is lost, pretty soon the thing itself departs.

Q. How can we best describe the writer's attitude toward the upsizing trend?

(a) Nostalgic

(b) Amused

(c) Admiring

(d) Satirical

23.

According to Darwin's theory, individual animals best suited to their environments live longer and have more children, and so spread their genes through populations. This produces evolutionary changes. For example, hoofed animals with longer necks could reach the juiciest leaves on tall trees and therefore tended to eat well, live longer, and have more offspring. Eventually, they evolved into giraffes. Those with shorter necks died out. Similar processes led to the evolution of mankind. but this has now stopped because virtually everybody's genes are making it to the next generation, not only those who are best adapted to their environments. In addition, human populations are now being constantly mixed, again producing a blending that blocks evolutionary change.

Q. What is the main idea of the passage?

(a) Human beings have reached a point of evolutionary stagnation.

(b) The Western world has provided protection against disease.

(c) The blending of genes will soon produce a uniform population.

(d) Evolutionary pressures are still having an influence on humanity.

24.

McWhorter explains clearly how and why sounds change, how word meanings change (the word "silly, he notes, started out meaning "blessed", then later meant "innocent", then "deserving of compassion", then "weak", then "ignorant" and finally-so far!-"foolish"), how grammar changes and how they all bifurcate, mix, multiply, grow branches, get elaborated, are dissolved and reconstituted. There are no official "languages", in the linguist's view-just lots and lots of dialects. According to a recent news story, even Klingon, an artificial language created for the "Star Trek" TV series and movies and subsequently embraced by fans, has developed two dialects, one in the United States and one in Germany.

Q. What is the best title of the passage?

(a) The evolution of languages

(b) The effects of globalization on language

(c) Standard language and dialects

(d) The creation of an artificial language

25.

Costco Travel shall not be responsible for late flight arrivals or departures, or for any illness, death, injury, damage, loss of vacation time or other irregularities arising there from. Costco Travel shall also not be liable for any injuries, damages, or losses caused to any traveler in connection with terrorist activities, local laws, climactic conditions, criminal acts or abnormal conditions or developments, or any other actions, omissions, or conditions outside Costco Travel's control. Travelers assume complete and full responsibility for checking and verifying any and all passport visa, inoculations, or other entry requirements for each destination, and all safety or security conditions at such destinations, in connection with the proposed travel.

Q. Which travel terms and conditions does the passage deal with?

(a) Revisions and cancelations

(b) Refunds

(c) Check-in requirements

(d) Company liability

26.

Many well-intentioned environmental policies can have surprising outcomes: Suppose minute pesticide residues have the potential to cause cancer in a tiny number of cases-one estimate would have it around 20 cases per annum in the United States (not very many in a country where 300 people drown in bathtubs every year). So we ban the pesticides. This in turn would sharply drive up the price of cancer-preventing fruits and vegetables. By reducing consumption, especially among the poor, the pesticide ban in the end would cause more cancer (perhaps 26,000 cases annually) than the pesticides would have caused in the first place. Sometimes the best thing to do about a "problem" is exactly nothing.

Q. What can be inferred from the passage?

(a) The human races few environmental problems.

(b) The environmental movement can bring about negative results.

(c) Pesticides are not improving longevity and the quality of life.

(d) The quality of life on the planet is radically improving.

27.

Going back to what was new in communications, transportation, and entertainment-and continuing through to the personal computer, the Internet, and e-mail-let us see: how people first became aware of what was new and sometimes startling; what they first learned about it; how they reacted; what they liked or didn't like; whether they were bewildered or skeptical; what skills they had to lean (skills often taken for granted today); how fast new technology was assimilated into everyday life. The net effects of all these devices are widespread and various.

Q. What will the next paragraph most likely be about?

(a) The evolution of core technology in American households

(b) The effects of new technology on human life

(c) The ways in which human beings overcome to technological deficiencies

(d) The development of consumer-operated devices

28.

In the midst of a depressed economy, Japan seems to be losing the respect of the world, particularly of the U.S. Lately there has been much meddlesome criticism from Washington about Japanese internal matters. Harsh remakes about Japan, calling it an "economic animal: or "free rider", will persist until this country becomes truly independent and departs from the policy of overemphasis on the economy at the cost of dependence on the U.S. for national security. We should abolish the Japan-U.S. Security Pact and let the American troops go home from all the U.S. bases in Japan. Then Japanese defense forces could use these bases to defend this peace-loving neutral nation with a lightly armed military.

Q. According to the write of this letter, what factor would best help Japan to recover its international status?

(a) Economic independence

(b) Military independence

(c) Political reform

(d) Economic reform

29.

Computers can help you draw pictures, write papers, play games and carry out many other tasks. (a) For example, it would take hours to calculate the 12 times table up to 4,000 times 12. (b) But a computer can do this and produce a neatly printed table in minutes. (c) In the early 1930s, an English mathematician invented a mechanical calculator called the Analytical Engine. (d) Computers also allow you to produce graphics without ever touching a pencil or paper.

30.

The Old Testament is a collection of writings about the Hebrews and their special relationship with God. (a) It depicts the major events in their history, from their origins to life in exile and their return to the Promised Land, Canaan. (b) The Festival of the Passover falls on 14th Nisan(March-April) and recalls when God dent a plague, which "passed over" Israelite homes, to kill every first born Egyptian. (c) The Old Testament is the sacred book of the Jewish people. (d) It is also the first half of the Christian Bible. 25

take 12. answers

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