03강 주제 추론

03강 주제 추론

1. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Parents often fail to address early childhood lying, since the lying is almost innocent ─ their child is too young to know what lies are, or that lying is wrong. When their child gets older and learns those distinctions, the parents believe, the lying will stop. This is dead wrong, according to Dr. Victoria Talwar. The better a young child can distinguish a lie from the truth, the more likely he or she is to lie given the chance. Researchers test children with elegant anecdotes, and ask, “Did Suzy tell a lie or tell the truth?” The kids who know the difference are also the most prone to lie. Ignorant of this scholarship, many parenting websites and books advise parents to just let lies go ─ kids will grow out of it. The truth is, kids grow into it.

① how to stop children from lying

② the necessity of learning to let go

③ the misconception about children's lies

④ effective strategies for educating children

⑤ the effects of trust on children's personalities

2. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Because classical music today has largely become something we listen to in concert or on recordings, it is easy to forget the essential role it once played as a part of daily life. An enormous amount of the music written in the Baroque period and earlier was designed to support dancing. Supplying music for dancing was an essential task for nearly every composer until the twentieth century. Vast quantities of dance music were written in the Baroque period because people danced all the time, and composers had to supply music to match the demand. As time passed, however, dance music gradually became more abstract and sophisticated and eventually left its original real-world function behind. Put simply, the minuet, which was originally designed to be danced to, ultimately became something to listen to, and the switch transformed both content and form.

① the role of dance in modern arts

② causes for the decline of classical music

③ how to appreciate various types of music

④ changes in the function of classical music

⑤ audio-visual components in performing arts

3. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

A species that survives by eating another species is typically referred to as a predator. The word brings up images of some of the most dramatic animals on Earth: cheetahs, eagles, and killer whales. You might not picture wood warblers, a family of North American bird species characterized by their small size and colorful feathers, as predators; however, these beautiful birds are huge consumers of insects. The hundreds of millions of individual warblers collectively remove literally tons of insects from forest trees every summer. Most of these insects prey on plants. By reducing the number of insects in forests, warblers reduce the damage that insects inflict on forest plants. The results of a study that excluded birds from white oak seedlings showed that the trees were about fifteen percent smaller because of insect damage over two years, as compared to trees from which birds were not excluded.

* seedling 묘목

① new ways to protect endangered species

② smart ways to escape from forest predators

③ the role of wood warblers in forest preservation

④ the uniqueness of wood warblers' survival instinct

⑤ the rapid decrease in the number of predator species

4. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Corporations were once task-oriented groups, created in the nineteenth century through charters to perform specific  projects like canal or railroad building. The word “"corporate”" still suggests a group engaged in some collective project ─ beyond making money for shareholders ─ and well into the postwar period corporations continued to define themselves in terms of their products and overall contribution to society. But with the rise of “finance capitalism”in the 1980s, shareholders' profits came to beat all other considerations, even pride in the product. Harvard Business School's Rakesh Khurana, who has recorded the decline of professional management, traces how the idea of the corporation evolved through policy statements made by the Business Roundtable. In 1990, the Business Roundtable representing America's large corporations stated that “corporations are chartered to serve both their shareholders and society as a whole,”including such stakeholders as employees, customers, suppliers, and communities.

* charter 인가서, 설립하다

① conflict management in corporations

② the social responsibility of corporations

③ strong competition among corporations

④ the changing conception of the corporation

⑤ shareholders’growing influence on corporations

5. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

In monkey colonies, where rigid dominance hierarchies exist, beneficial innovations do not spread quickly through the group unless they are taught first to a dominant animal. When a lower animal is taught the new concept first, the rest of the colony remains mostly oblivious to its value. One study on the introduction of new food tastes to Japanese monkeys provides a nice illustration. In one troop, a taste for caramels was developed by introducing this new food into the diet of young minors, low on the status ladder. The taste for caramels inched slowly up the ranks: A year and a half later, only 51 percent of the colony had acquired it, and still none of the leaders. Contrast this with what happened in a second troop where wheat was introduced first to the leader: Wheat eating ─ to this point unknown to these monkeys ─ spread through the whole colony within four hours.

* oblivious 알아차리지 못하는

① peer pressure in monkey colonies

② cooperation for survival in monkey colonies

③ monkeys’learned behavior through imitation

④ the difference between monkeys and humans in learning

⑤ monkeys’deference to authority in adapting themselves to new things

6. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

The rationale for taking up great growth is that firms need to “run with the ball”if they ever get that rare opportunity to suddenly double or triple sales. But there are times when a slower, more controlled growth is sensible. Risks lie on both sides as businesses reach for these opportunities. When a market begins to boom and a firm is unable to keep up with demand without greatly increasing capacity and resources, it faces a dilemma: Stay conservative in fear that the opportunity will be shortened, but thereby give up some of the growing market to competitors; or expand vigorously to take full advantage of the opportunity, but risk being overextended and vulnerable should the potential suddenly fade. Regardless of the commitment to a vision of great growth, a firm must develop an organization and systems and controls to handle it.

① arguments for and against company extension

② the types of dilemmas in company extension

③ the growth and the manageability of companies

④ the need for company downsizing in competitive markets

⑤ the relationship between market demand and company growth

7. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is known that the sum of evaporation and transpiration of water through the leaves of plants will increase with temperature, so that in hot environments, rising temperatures will make rainwater less available for human use and crop production before it evaporates. Rising temperatures will also accelerate the melting of glaciers and snow in the high mountains. Hundreds of millions of people downstream of mountains depend on snowmelt and glacier melt for their water in the spring and summer, and climate change will greatly threaten these vast areas of Asia and the Americas. For some decades, the communities will be threatened by flooding caused by rapid glacier melting, but after that the risk will switch abruptly to water scarcity when the glaciers disappear altogether. Snowmelt will come earlier in the spring and not be available during the dry summer months when crops require water to grow.

* transpiration 증산

① ways to prevent global warming

② the effects of glaciers on the environment

③ factors influencing the Earth's greenhouse effect

④ the decline in crop production and its consequences

⑤ changes in water availability due to rising temperatures

8.  다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Any physical theory is always provisional, in the sense that it is only a hypothesis: you can never prove it. No matter how many times the results of experiments agree with some theory, you can never be sure that the next time the result will not contradict the theory. On the other hand, you can disprove a theory by finding even a single observation that disagrees with the predictions of the theory. As philosopher of science Karl Popper has emphasized, a good theory is characterized by the fact that it makes a number of predictions that could in principle be disproved or falsified by observation. Each time new experiments are observed to agree with the predictions the theory survives, and our confidence in it is increased; but if ever a new observation is found to disagree, we have to abandon or modify the theory. �

* provisional 잠정적인, 일시적인

① a trend in modern physics

② ways to collect data in science

③ limitations of a physical theory

④ the disprovability of theoretical accounts

⑤ making observations using the scientific method