37강 Test 2

37강 TEST 2

17. 다음 글의 주제로 가잠 적절한 것은?

Move future negative consequences into the present. If you turn your air conditioner to a chilly 68oF during the first week in August, meanwhile leaving your back door open for the cat, you might not have to pay any consequences for your inefficient decisions until the second week in September, when the August electricity bill arrives. Alternatively, a household thermostat could be fitted with a bright, digital printout that gave household members continual feedback in dollars and cents about how much energy they were using. In this way, keeping doors tightly closed and covering the windows during the day would have a visible and immediate rewarding effect - whereas turning the air conditioner on would have a visible and immediate punishing effect.

* thermostat 온도 조절 장치

① the necessity of more social pressure on recycling

② one's willingness to act unselfishly in social dilemmas

③ the effect of immediate feedback on energy consumption

④ the importance of the intensity of rewards and punishments

⑤ ways to reverse people's attitudes towards self-gratification

18. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Government authority rests ultimately in legitimacy. If people do not perceive political leaders and the government as legitimate, it is difficult to maintain social order. In the quest to maintain their legitimacy, political officials may use their connections with athletes, teams, and particular sports to boost their acceptance in the minds of citizens. They assume, as Antonio Gramsci Predicted they would, that if they support the sports that People value and enjoy, they can increase their legitimacy as leaders. This is why so many political leaders present themselves as friends of sport, even as faithful fans. They attend highly publicized sport events and associate themselves with high-profile athletes or teams that win major competitions. U.S. presidents traditionally have associated themselves with successful athletes and teams and have invited champions to the White House for photo opportunities.

* legitimacy 법적 정통성

① the influence of media on sports

② the use of sports for political gain

③ the seriousness of violence in sports

④ future of international sports organizations

⑤ sports as a means of solving international conflicts

19. Peter I에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

Following the death of Alexis I, his two sons from separate marriages fought one another for the right of succession. Peter I took over the empire with a coup d'état in 1689. The young czar traveled throughout Western Europe in 1697-1698 and studied shipbuilding in Holland. In Russia he began to construct a naval fleet and modernized the army. During the Great Northern War, the new fleet and army proved their effctiveness as Russia gained access to the Baltic Sea with the conquest of parts of Finland and the Baltics. Within this new territory, Peter I founded the city of St. Petersburg in 1703 as the new Russian capital. Conceived on the drawing board, the city became the symbol of Russian westernization. Peter I married twice, which led to his children fighting bitterly amongst themselves.

① 평화적으로 왕권을 인계 받았다.

② Holland에 조선술을 전수했다

③ Great Northern War에서 크게 패했다.

④ Petersburg를 새로운 수도로 세웠다.

⑤ 결혼은 했지만 자식을 두지는 않았다

20. cowries에 관한 설명으로 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

As early as the 13th century, Arab traders were carrying cowries from the Maldive Islands in the Indian Ocean to Egypt, then across the desert to the markets of sub-Saharan West Africa. Europeans were interested to find that in commercial transactions, Africans tended to prefer cowries to gold and by the 16th century the shells were being imported in the ships of Dutch and English traders to the Guinea coast of West Africa. With the advent of the Atlantic slave trade, cowries were among the items Europeans exchanged with coastal West African groups for slaves. By the early 18th century, cowrie shells were becoming the bubble wrap of their day. Tons of them were exported from South Asia to Europe to cushion pottery and other delicate items in the china trade, and then reexported from Europe to Africa.

* cowrie (조개) 고둥의 총칭, 그 조가비

① 13세기에 사하라 사막 이남의 서아프리카에 들어왔다.

② 16세기에 영국 무역선에 의해 Guinea 해안으로 수입되었다.

③ 대서양 노예무역에서 노예에게 선물로 주었다.

④ 18세기 초에 껍질을 충격완화제로 사용했다.

⑤ 많은 양이 남아시아에서 유럽으로 수출되었다.

21. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Life Expectancy Then and Now in U.S.

The above graph reports U.S. life expectancy at birth, by gender and race, in selected years. ① Life expectancy of the average person increased over the last 40 years in the U.S.- from 70.8 years (the average for 1970) to 78.3 years in 2010. ② Male life expectancy in the U.S. rose from 67.1 years in 1970 to 75.7 years in 2010. ③ The girl born in 1970 in the U.S. could expect to live 7.6 years more than a boy born at the same time. ④ In 2010, women were still expected to live longer than men, and the gap widened. ⑤ Life expectancy for whites exceeded that for blacks by 7.6 years in 1970, but the gap between white and black life expectancy reduced to 5.1 years over the past 40 years.

22. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Prestige differs from wealth and power. Wealth and power are objective entities; an individual can have them regardless of what other people think of the individual. But prestige is subjective, depending on how the individual is perceived by others. If the individual is rich and powerful but is seen by others as unworthy of respect, the individual has low prestige. The boss of an organized crime group may make millions and exercise awesome power, but he will never acquire prestige because most people refuse to hold him in esteem- and they cannot be forced to do so. On the other hand, many college professors may not be rich and powerful, but they do enjoy more prestige than the crime boss.

① 사람들이 선호하는 직업은 나라마다 다르다.

② 부와 권력은 존경을 받기 위한 필요조건이다.

③ 직업을 선택할 때 개인의 적성을 고려해야 한다.

④ 개인의 명망은 직업에 대한 사람들의 인식과 관련이 있다.

⑤ 고등 교육을 받은 사람일수록 더 높은 수입을 얻는다.

23. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은? , ,

In a recent report, people who have to smile for a living were found to be more prone to health problems. Most people need to put on a mask for at least part of the day; basic human courtesy requires that we sometimes curb our emotions, whether anger or frustration or passion. The solution to this problem is to find what Brian Little calls a "restorative niche." The niche can be sharing your feelings with a trusted friend, writing whatever comes to mind in a personal journal, or simply spending time alone in your room. Depending on their constitution, some people may need ten minutes to recover from the emotional deception, while others may need a lot longer. The key during the recovery period is to be real, fully yourself, to do away with pretense and to allow yourself to feel any emotion that arises.

* niche 적합한 환경

① 일의 효율을 위해 적당한 스트레스를 즐겨라.

② 직장 동료들과 함께 하는 여가활동을 개발하라.

③ 건강을 위해 지나친 낙관주의적 태도를 지양하라.

④ 원만한 관계 유지를 위해 신중한 화법을 구사하라

⑤ 자신의 감정에 솔직해질 수 있는 회복 기간을 가져라.

24. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Every global opinion Poll shows religion declining among the youngest generation. While traditional religious affiliation is declining in the most technologically advanced societies, spirituality is increasing. Spirituality refers to the very individual quest to find meaning in the broader cosmic scheme of things. The Global Values Survey has been tracking the shift toward spirituality since 1981. Those surveyed are asked: "How often, if at all, do you think about the meaning and the purpose of life? Often, sometimes, or never?" The percentage of those who say "often" has increased dramatically. In Canada, 37 percent said "often" in 1981 and 52 percent in 2001. In the United Stales, Americans who say they are "spiritual but not religious" have increased by 10 percentage points since 1999. In 2006, 40 percent of U.S. adults described themselves as "spiritual but not religious."

* affiliation 가입, 입회

① Meaning of Life Is Hard to Find

② Technology Humans Make Sets Them Free

③ Transformation from Religiosity to Spirituality

④ Sympathy as a Spiritual quest to Find Life's Meaning

⑤ The More Educated, the Less Religious