10. 관계대명사

※ 네모 안에서 둘 중 어법상 올바른 것을 고르시오.

1. Once there was a little boy [who/whose] name was Richard Whittington.

whose : 관계사절의 구조가 완전하므로 소유격 관계대명사가 적절

2. However, in writing a job application or a statement of belief, it is wise to think very carefully about [that/what] the words used may mean to other people.

what : 전치사+that의 구조는 안 되며 mean의 목적어이면서 앞의 about의 목적어가 될 수 있는 것은 what이 적절

3. It was a beautiful place [where/which] fairies were living together with wild animals.

where : 관계사절 이하의 구조가 완벽하므로 관계부사가 적절

4. Often, until we sit down to a blank sheet of paper, we don't know [what/that] we have to say.

what : what - 선행사가 없으며 이후 문장의 구조가 불완전한 경우에 사용 / that - 명사절을 이끄는 경우 이후 문장의 구조가 완정해야 하며 관계사로 쓰일 경우 선행사가 필요하고 이후 문장의 구조가 불완전함

5. As I sat down behind the bench on the first baseline, I asked one of the boys [what/that] the score was.

what: 간접의문문의 어순에 관한 것이므로 의문사 what이 적절

6. The Mayflower was the ship [that/where] carried the Pilgrims from England to America.

that : 선행사가 있고 관계사절에 주어가 없으므로 that이 적절

7. In America, there are lots of people [who/which] don’t get enough food to eat.

who : 선행사가 사람이고 주어가 없으므로 who가 적절

8. Then find someone else who has done it, and do exactly [that/what] they did.

what : 선행사가 없으며 목적어 역할을 할 수 있는 것이 필요하므로 what이 적절

9. This invention was the beginning of the movie business, [which/where] employs millions of people and entertains millions more.

which : 앞 문장의 내용이 선행사이며 관계사절에 주어가 없으므로 which가 적절

10. One study shows that kids [who/which] hardly play develop brains 20% to 50% smaller than normal.

who : 선행사가 kids이므로 관계사 who가 적절

11. However, people are building houses [which/where] the beetles live in.

which : 문장의 끝에 있는 전치사 in의 목적어 역할을 할 수 있는 관계대명사 which가 적절하며 where는 전치사의 목적어로 쓰일 수 없음

12. Another strange thing about this fish is the fact [what/that] it cannot swim like other fish.

that : 명사 the fact와 동격절을 이루는 것은 that이 적절

13. One unfortunate effect of the gold rush was [that/what] Sutter's land was ruined.

that : 이후의 문장의 구조가 완전하므로 명사절을 이끄는 that이 적절 / what을 쓸 경우 주어나 목적어가 없는 불완전한 구조일 때 가능

14. Sir Joshua Reynolds was a famous English painter [who/whose] habit was very strange.

whose : 관계사 이후의 문장의 구조가 완전한 경우 소유격이 적절 / who를 쓸 경우 주어가 없는 불완전한 구조일 때 적절

15. A car pulled up to the front entrance [which/where] they waited, and they got in, asked to be taken to the concert hall and chatted together until they arrived.

where : 관계사이후에 문장이 완전하므로 관계부사가 적절

16. It will help you figure out [what/that] you most enjoy doing.

what : 앞에 out의 목적어역할을 하면서 do의 목적어 역할을 할 수 있는 것은 what이 적절

17. One night at the busy restaurant [which/where] I waited on tables, a customer paid his bill and told me to keep the change.

where : 이후에 문장의 구조가 완전하므로 관계부사가 적절

18. One of them is Halley's Comet, [what/which] is unique.

which : what은 계속적 용법에서 사용할 수 없으며, 선행사 Halley's Comet를 받을 수 있는 것은 which가 적절

19. In many American restaurants, you will be asked, "Smoking or non-smoking?" indicating [that/which] section of the restaurant you wish to sit in. Recently, the U.S. government has published studies of the dangers of secondhand smoke, especially for children [who/whose] parents smoke at home.

which, whose : which - 간접의문문의 어순을 ane든 것이므로 의문형용사 which가 적절/ whose - 관계사 이하의 구조가 완전한 구조이므로 whose가 적절

20. Although it may be hard for kids to believe such results, they need to learn that they have to be responsible for [what/that] they eat.

what : 전치사 for의 목적어이며 eat의 목적어 역할을 할 수 있는 것은 what이 적절

21. Much of [what/which] I have learned will be found in this book.

what : 선행사가 없으므로 what이 적절

22. I told the firemen it was my careless cooking [who/that] caused the heavy smoke.

which(that) : It is - that[which] 강조구문

23. They are oases [which/where] we can relax and live in harmony with the wilderness.

where : 관계사절 이후의 구조가 완전하므로 where가 적절

24. In one year, you'll burn 54,750 calories, which [means/mean] you'll lose 15.6 pounds.

means : 앞 문장 내용이 선행사인 경우 단수취급하므로 means가 적절

25. Similar tests on cats produced similar results, [what/which] led scientists to conclude that they, too, live in a gray world.

which : 앞 문장이 선행사인 경우 which로 받음

26. The Egyptians chose the west bank as the "land of the dead" because that was [when/where] the dying sun disappeared each evening.

where : 관계부사의 선행사로 쓰이는 the place, the way, the reason은 생략할 수 있으며 이때 관계부사는 생략불가. We camped (at the place) where we could get enough water. (선행사 생략) (우리는 물을 충분히 얻을 수 있는 곳에서 야영을 했다.)

27. One of the most widely acclaimed movies [which/where] she has starred is Pretty Woman.

where : star는 자동사로서 ‘주연하다’라는 의미이므로 관계사절의 구조가 완전하므로 관계부사 where가 적절

28. As a consumer of goods and services, you will sometimes need to communicate with a manufacturer concerning the quality of [that/what] you have purchased.

what : of와 purchase의 목적어 역할을 하면서 선행사가 없으므로 what이 적절

29. Since the early 1980s, the number of people who [are/is] homeless [has/have] increased significantly in Mecklenburg County.

are, has : 첫 문제에서는 선행사가 people이므로 are가 적절하고 두 번째 문제에서는 주어가 the number이므로 has가 적절

30. [What/That] the WHO fears most is that the virus could mutate if it infected a person sick with ordinary flu.

What : 선행사가 없으며 fear의 목적어 역할을 할 수 있는 관계사 what이 적절 - WHO가 가장 두려워하는 것은 그 바이러스가 일반 독감으로 사람을 감염시켜서 아프게 할 경우 바이러스가 돌연변이 할 수 있다는 점이다.

31. There are many incentives, [which/of which], under normal conditions, unemployment is a powerful negative incentive.

of which : 관계사절 이후의 문장의 구조가 완전하므로 of which가 적절하며 which를 쓰기 위해서는 주어나 목적어가 빠진 불완전한 구조임

32. A movie set is the area [where/which] a motion picture is filmed.

where : 관계사절 이후의 문장의 구조가 완전하므로 관계부사 where가 적절

33. The difference between success and mediocrity is not in [what/that] we're confronted with, but in how we respond to it.

what : 전치사 with의 목적어로 쓰일 수 있는 것은 what이며 that은 선행사 있을 경우에 사용

34. The four major cradles of civilization were the Egyptian, on the Nile; the Sumerian, between the Tigris and Euphrates; the Indus Valley civilization in [that/what] is now Pakistan; and the Chinese, on the Huang He.

what : 선행사가 없으며 전치사 다음에 쓰일 수 있는 것은 what이 적절

35. The Rosetta Stone is a large stone [which/on which] there are three written messages.

on which : 관계사절 이후의 문장의 구조가 완전하므로 on which가 적절

36. One of the most famous schools in history [existed/which existed] in Ancient Greece was the Academy.

which existed : 뒤에 정동사 was가 있으므로 접속사 역할을 할 수 있는 which existed가 적절

37. Eating breakfast also helps establish regular eating patterns that [keeps/keep] weight at normal levels.

keep : 선행사가 regular eating patterns이므로 keep이 적절

38. But the law already permits patients to withdraw unwanted medical treatment even if that increases the likelihood [that/which] the patient will die.

that(동격) : 동격절을 이끌 수 있는 접속사 that이 적절

39. Other tenants I have talked to are also willing to take this step, so please see [who/what] you can do to rectify this situation and let the rest of us get some sleep.

what : 선행사가 없으므로 선행사를 포함하고 있는 what이 적절

40. The short but brilliant movie career of Bruce Lee who lived from 1940 to 1973 [introduced/which introduced] karate and other martial arts to many North Americans and Europeans. Those who enjoyed his movies got interested in them. The term "martial arts" popularly refers to a large variety of fighting·sports, [most of which/most of them] originated in the Far East.

introduced / most of which : 첫 문제에서는 정동사가 필요하므로 introduce가 적절하고 두 번째 문제에서는 관계사절 앞에 접속사가 없으므로 most of which가 적절

41. Photography allowed people to see places [which/where] they would not otherwise have been able to see.

which : see의 목적어가 필요하므로 which가 적절

42. Belief in [what/which] you're doing will make you more enthusiastic, resourceful and effective.

what : 관계사 앞에 선행사가 없으며 전치사 in과 타동사 do의 목적어 역할을 할 수 있는 what이 적절

43. Someday soon, giant factories may orbit in space. Within these factories, metals, chemicals, and medicines may be made [what/that] could not be produced on the ground.

that : 선행사가 metals, chemicals, and medicines이므로 선행사를 수식하는 형용사절이 되어야 함

44. Man is the only creature [what/that] consumes without producing.

that : 선행사가 있으므로 형용사절을 이끄는 that이 적절

45. Ice hockey is unusual among the major sports in [such/that] teams frequently play with different numbers of players.

that : in that -라고 하는 점에서

46. My last day of work will be the 31st of July, [when/which] should allow me plenty of time to turn over the position to my replacement.

which : when은 관계부사이므로 이후 문장이 완전한 구조이어야 하므로 which가 적절

47. Hope, [which/that] seems like the thinnest little thread, is an incredibly powerful force leading us from the most horrible problems into a bright new day. Hang on to hope. Never give up hope, [how/however] frightening the obstacles lying in your path are.

which, however : 관계대명사 that은 계속적 용법에 쓰일 수 없으므로

which가 적절 / 복합 관계부사 however 형용사[부사]+S+V (아무리 -하다 할지라도)

48. Much of [that/what] we consider comfortable isn't very pleasurable. Yet it is what we're accustomed to, and that's why we cling to it.

what : that을 쓸 경우 선행사가 필요한데 없으므로 what이 적절하며 what은 consider의 목적어로 쓰인 것임

49. When food enters your small intestine, bile flows out of the gall bladder and into the intestine, [where/which] it helps break down fats.

where : 관계사절 이후의 구조가 완전하므로 where가 적절

50. They want to say something about the society [which/in which] they live.

in which : live가 자동사이므로 앞에 the society를 받기 위해서는 전치사 in이 필요

51. Their work was very different from [that/what] people were familiar with.

what : 전치사 with의 목적어역할을 할 수 있는 것은 what이 적절

52. This is the way Canadian listeners show [that/whose] they are listening to in a friendly way.

that : show 타동사의 목적어 역할을 할 수 있는 명사절이 필요하므로 that이 적절

53. At the Academy, Plato taught the students through the use of debates, [where/which] two or more people took different sides of an argument.

where : 관계사절 문장의 구조가 완전하므로 where가 적절

10. 관계대명사