01강 문맥 속 어휘 추론

01강 문맥 속 어휘 추론

1. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Some pessimistic scientists believe that climate change on Earth has already passed the "tipping point" beyond which it is not (A)[difficult / possible] to stop the slide into global meltdown. But other groups of scientists think that even if the tipping point has been and gone there might still be hope for the planet in the form of geo-engineering, which is superscale design-and -build work that could (B)[estimate / reverse] the effects of climate change. The ideas put forward include sending giant sunshades into space to block out some of the Sun's light; building a network of industrial plants around the globe that would suck in carbon dioxide, compress it into liquid, and then pump it underground; and tipping gallons of fertilizer into the oceans to (C)[hinder / encourage] the growth of marine plant life to absorb carbon dioxide from the air by photosynthesis.

	(A)		(B)		(C)
①	difficult	…	estimate	…	hinder
②	difficult	…	reverse	…	encourage
③	possible	…	estimate	…	encourage
④	possible	…	reverse	…	hinder
⑤	possible	…	reverse	…	encourage

2. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Ostentation can be a credible boast of quality. A good example of this is the peacock's tail. Although it may appear to be a wasteful display, the showy tail actually has the purpose of (A)[showing / doubting] that the male is healthy. The peacock's tail has many and varied economic equivalents in the business world. Banks and insurance companies have head offices that are extremely magnificent beyond the needs of their dealings. The showy offices signal that the company is (B)[failing / stable,] distinguishing it from shakier companies that cannot afford them. As a signal that they (C)[expect / hesitate] to still be there for you long into the future, retailers locate themselves in high-rent districts like New York's Fifth Avenue when a less expensive address would serve.

* Ostentation (재산, 지식, 힘 등의) 과시

	(A)		(B)		(C)
①	showing	…	failing	…	expect
②	showing	…	stable	…	expect
③	showing	…	stable	…	hesitate
④	doubting	…	failing	…	hesitate
⑤	doubting	…	stable	…	hesitate

3. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Although many important Greek scientists such as Galen and Ptolemy lived in the Roman Empire, the Romans themselves (A)[contributed / distributed] comparatively little to science. They adopted the mathematics of the  Greeks and applied it very successfully to engineering and architecture. The fruits of this (B)[applicant / application] are seen today in many Roman remains, especially in some of their very wonderful aqueducts for carrying water to their towns. But their engineers and scientists were always servants and very often slaves, and no honor or recognition was given to them. It is no wonder, therefore, that science did not (C)[advance / decline] during the Roman Empire.

*aqueduct 도수관, 수로

	(A)		(B)		(C)
①	contributed	…	applicant	…	advance
②	contributed	…	application	…	advance
③	contributed	…	application	…	decline
④	distributed	…	applicant	…	decline
⑤	distributed	…	application	…	advance

4.  (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Intellectually, we all know that people can look at issues from many different viewpoints. Intellectually, we even (A)[deny / admit] that at least some of the perspectives that differ from our own have something to offer -- a new opinion on the problem or an insightful notion. We may even be perfectly capable of bringing these (B)[opposing / established] perspectives to our minds. Yet, we persist in focusing on our own viewpoint, a tendency that David Perkins calls my-side bias. This my-side bias acts like a default setting. It (C)[overturns / supports] our intellectual understanding that different interpretations of events and different opinions about them are highly likely so that we return to seeing the world from our own point of view even after acknowledging differing positions.

* default 달리지정하지 않는 한 이미 지정된 대로 작동하게 하는 (설정값)

	(A)		(B)		(C)
①	deny	…	opposing	…	overturns
②	deny	…	established	…	supports
③	admit	…	opposing	…	overturns
④	admit	…	opposing	…	supports
⑤	admit	…	established	…	overturns

5. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

Reaching beyond realism, the naturalists tried to illustrate as faithfully as possible whatever was observable to them within literary works. They wanted to (A)[hide / reveal] the dominant states of things in all areas of life. While the realists tried to evoke the impression that the characters really exist and that the events narrated are the events of ordinary experience, the naturalists wanted to give a strictly (B)[objective / subjective] depiction of the struggle against nature as a hopeless fight, believing that human behavior is determined by the environment. The reason for this shift of the fundamental idea of realism was the (C)[unnoticeable / visible] decline of the living conditions of the lower classes in the 19th century. Large cities became the focus of literature due to miserable housing conditions, factories, diseases, and widespread hunger.

	(A)		(B)		(C)
①	hide	…	objective	…	unnoticeable
②	hide	…	subjective	…	unnoticeable
③	reveal	…	objective	…	unnoticeable
④	reveal	…	objective	…	visible
⑤	reveal	…	subjective	…	visible

6. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

If there is to be toleration in the world, one of things taught in schools must be the habit of weighing evidence and the practice of not giving full (A)[consent / objection] to propositions which there is no reason to believe true. For example, the art of reading newspapers should be taught. The schoolmaster should select some incident which happened a good many years ago, and roused political passions in its day. He should then read to the school-children what was said by the newspapers on one side, what was said by those on the other, and some (B)[biased / fair] account of what really happened. He should make them understand that everything in newspapers is more or less untrue. The critical skepticism which would result from this teaching would make the children (C)[unprotected / free] from overly naive appeals to idealism in later life.

	(A)		(B)		(C)
①	consent	…	biased	…	unprotected
②	consent	…	fair	…	unprotected
③	consent	…	fair	…	free
④	objection	…	biased	…	unprotected
⑤	objection	…	biased	…	free

7. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Human skin owes its color to the ① presence of particles known as melanin. The primary function of melanin is to ② protect the upper levels of the skin from being damaged by the suns ultraviolet rays. This radiation poses a critical problem for our kind because we lack the dense coat of hair that acts as a sunscreen for most mammals. Hairlessness exposes us to two kinds of radiation ③ dangers: ordinary sunburn and skin cancers Melanin is the body's first line of defense against these afflictions. The more melanin particles, the darker the skin, and the ④ higher the risk of sunburn and all forms of skin cancer. This explains why the highest rates for skin cancer are found in sun-drenched lands such as Australia, where light-skinned people of European descent spend a good part of their lives ⑤ outdoors wearing scanty clothes.

* scanty (옷이) 몸을 가린 듯 만 듯한

8. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Two psychologists, Dan Kindlon and Michael Thompson, who wrote together a book entitled Raising Cain, argue that America, as a society, has so ① mishandled the emotional lives of boys that it has produced many distant and troubled men. Fathers and mothers, male and female teachers alike, all unconsciously conspire, the authors suggest, to ② limit the emotional development of boys. As they put it, we want our boys to be "tough" and "strong" based on images of ③ manliness we absorbed from our culture. So when a child is hurting, when he's sad, and angry, frustrated, disappointed, or frightened, we don't ④ allow him to learn about what he's feeling. We push him back inside himself with comments like "Just tough it out" or "You need to be strong." As a result, boys ⑤ possess "emotional literacy," the ability to express their own feelings and understand emotions in others.

* conspire 공모하다

9. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

After millions of years experience on earth, we have acquired the power to affect our planet's climate. The theory has to do with the ① accumulation of dust and carbon dioxide that modern technology pours into the atmosphere in great quantities. The dust tends to reduce the amount of incoming solar radiation, thereby ② cooling the earth. The carbon dioxide tends to ③ trap heat that would ordinarily escape to outer space, thereby warming the earth. If either effect is large enough, the earth's average temperature might change a degree or two, with ④ disastrous results. An increase in temperature might melt the icecaps and raise the level of the ocean as much as 300 feet. All of this is ⑤ confirmed, of course. No one really knows what, if anything, is happening to the climate or how long such events might take to occur.

10. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

There are several Egyptian paintings of great interest preserved among the numerous other ① remains of Egyptian art in the British Museum. Unfortunately, the originally brilliant colors of these have faded, and many of them are now fast ② decaying. When first discovered, however, such at least as had not been exposed to the influence of the ③ atmosphere, their colors were as bright and pure as when they were first painted. Red, yellow, green and blue, with black and white, were the colors employed. These were applied ④ collectively, so that no variety of tint was produced. Different colors were used for different things, but almost ⑤ invariably the same color for the same thing. Thus men and women were usually red, the men several shades darker than the women, water blue, birds blue and green, and so on.

11. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

The underlying idea of world history is that the interaction among human societies ① resembles not the relationships among building blocks, but rather among bacteria. Building blocks can be stacked next to or on top of each other, but they rarely if ever ② affect their neighbors' shapes or composition. Bacteria, however, fundamentally shape each other as they interact. Because the membranes covering bacteria are full of pores, bacteria can exchange genetic information and can even fundamentally ③ alter each other's basic make-up when they touch. Similarly, human societies in contact affect each other's development. World historians, ④ rejecting this, seek to understand human history through studying both developments within societies and the way in which societies relate to each other. They look not only at the process of invention but also at the key role played by the ⑤ spreading of people, things, and ideas around the world.

* membrane 얇은 막, 막피

12. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

Spotlights can be more or less focused. When focused to their maximum extent, they illuminate a very small area with a very bright light. When de-focused, they illuminate a larger area, but the light is less ① intense. The same is true for attention. When we are relaxed, and not in the grip of any particular emotion, our mental spotlight is relatively ② unfocused, and more thoughts may drift through our awareness. When an emotion occurs, however, our mental spotlight suddenly ③ contracts, focusing on one small thought to the exclusion of all others. This thought is usually a representation of the external object that ④ stabilized the emotion. Love, for example, makes it hard to think of anything except the beloved. Emotions are often blamed for ⑤ distracting us, so it might seem strange to say that they help to focus our attention. However, emotions distract us from one thought only to make us pay attention to another.