18. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

If you’re one of the countless people whose mind and body have been overworked, you need a program that will give you a more positive and energetic life: the Health Management Program offered by the ABC Well-Being Institute. (A)This program lasts for six weeks and consists of three different components: Daily Targets, Walking Plans, and Eating Plans. Each week, you'll be advised by our health experts and introduced to new physical activity targets. Are you serious about improving your life immediately? (B)        , you can start by enrolling in our fantastic program today.

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 빈칸 (B)에 알맞은 낱말을 쓰시오.

19. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Everybody has moments of doubt about something or other from time to time; it is a (A)            . The challenge is not to let those moments accumulate and affect your self-belief. You will always face the challenge of other people’s comments and opinion. There are people that you feel good being around and others you don’t. Some people give you positive energy because they believe in you. You feel it and you rise to the occasion. Others may always have a negative comment to make about what you are doing or talking about. Don’t let these comments rock your self-belief. Always question the person’s reason for the comment. If it is based on fact, you should listen; (B)if not, then it is only their opinion. You will need to stay strong.                         * rise to the occasion: 위기상황에서 능력을 발휘하다

1) 위 글의 빈칸 (A)에 들어갈 어구를 다음에 주어진 정의를 참고하여 2 단어로 쓰시오.

a process existing in or produced by nature rather than by the intent of human beings

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

20. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Delia stepped out of the front door of her house, and the day welcomed her with a warm and sunny smile. With each step, she thought, “(A)I can’t wait for today’s class.” Her family had recently moved into the neighborhood, and the new school year ⓐjust began at Elanova High School. Her new school offered ballet lessons, and Delia eagerly signed up. She was one step closer to ⓑfulfill her lifelong dream of ⓒbecome a ballerina. Delia sat at the bench ⓓwait for the school bus. As the bus rolled down Madison Avenue, she slipped her hand into her ballet bag ⓔtouch her new shoes. She thought about working hard on her leaps and jumps. “I want to soar to the moon,” Delia thought.

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 의미와 같도록 다음 주어진 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 쓰시오.

→ I am (     ) (     ) (     ) waiting for today’s class.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ를 어법상 올바르게 쓰시오.

ⓐ (       ), ⓑ (       ), ⓒ (       ), ⓓ (       ), ⓔ (       )

21. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

One reason many people keep delaying things they should do is that they fear they will do them wrong or poorly, so they just don’t do them at all. For example, one of the best ways to write a book is to write it as quickly as possible, getting your thoughts onto paper without regard to style. Then, you can go back to revise and polish your writing. If I only wrote when I knew it would be perfect, I’d still be working on my first book! Do you have a hard time relaxing if your house is a mess? Do you beat yourself up for making mistakes? I've got a simple message for you today: It’s time to let go of your perfectionism. It becomes a stumbling block that keeps you stuck.

1) 위 글의 요지가 되도록 다음 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 본문의 단어를 활용하여 쓰시오.

→ Give yourself permission to do it (         )

2) 위 글의 빈칸 (B)에 알맞은 낱말을 다음 주어진 문장에 공통으로 들어갈 낱말로 쓰시오.

① A (       ) (       ) is something which causes us to err or to stray from the truth.

② Lack of willingness to compromise on both sides is the major (       ) (       )  to reaching a settlement.

22. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Textiles and clothing have ⓐ        that go beyond just protecting the body. Dress and textiles alike are used as a means of nonverbal communication. Obvious ⓑ               would be the use of uniforms to communicate a particular social role and the modern white wedding dress Western ⓒ      use to mark this rite of passage. Both types of clothing communicate important information nonverbally to the onlooker. The female wearing the white dress is about to be married and change her ⓓ      and role in society. The person in the uniform has some specialized function in society, such as police officer, nurse, or soldier. Therefore, it can be said that clothing visually communicates information about group membership and functions as an ⓔ         marker.

1) 위 글의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 문맥에 맞게 다음 보기에 골라 넣으시오.

<보기> cultures, examples, functions, identity, status

2) 위 글의 내용과 일치하도록 다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 주어진 철자로 쓰시오.

→ One can dress down or up to (A)(d     ) wealth, education, or social standing, depending on the (B)(m        ) the wearer wants onlookers to receive.

23. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more affluent money culture. In traditional societies where resources continued to be scarce, consumption was more seasonally and communally orientated. In years of bountiful crops people ate heartily, and in lean years they starved. People were not particularly motivated to produce more goods for stockpiling, as there was little incentive to ⓐdo so where there was little security from raids. When times were good, celebrations of gluttony were held in the winter season when stocks could not be refilled. These rituals were more important than the potential hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to bind people together and distribute resources. Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and took a great deal of time away from work.              * affluent: 풍부한, ** gluttony: 폭식

1) 위 글의 내용과 일치되도록 다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 주어진 철자로 쓰시오.

→ Traditional societies displayed their wealth in acts of (A)(c         ): consumption was organized around the (B)(s       ) groups, rather than the individual or family.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

24. 안내문

25. 안내문

26. 도표

27. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Living rock cactus is one of the most peculiar plants found in the desert. For most of the year, it blends into the rocky limestone soils of the Dead Horse Mountains, Mariscal Mountain, and the hills along the Rio Grande. You may step on one before you notice it. Spineless and flat against the ground, it has triangular tubercles that overlap in a star-shaped pattern. In extremely dry conditions, living rock cactus is almost (A)       : it literally shrinks into the surrounding rocky soil. Moisture is stored in the root, and during droughts the root shrinks, dragging the stem underground. These spineless plants survive by blending into their native habitat. As (B)added protection, they store foul-tasting, poisonous alkaloids in their bodies.

* limestone: 석회암   ** tubercle: 작은 돌기

1) 위 글의 빈칸 (A)에 Colon 다음에 있는 내용을 참고하여 알맞은 낱말을 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)는 어느 개체로 부터의 보호를 말하는가? 영어로 쓰시오.

28. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

The term (A)         is important in measurement because of the scientific demand that observations be subject to public verification. A measurement system is objective to the extent that two observers evaluating the same performance arrive at the same (or very similar) measurements. For example, using a tape measure to determine the distance a javelin was thrown yields very similar results regardless of who reads the tape. By comparison, evaluation of performances such as diving, gymnastics, and figure skating is more (B)         ─ although elaborate scoring rules help make it more objective. From the point of view of research in motor behavior, it is important to use performances in the laboratory for which the scoring can be as objective as possible.                                      * javelin: 투창

1) 위 글의 빈칸 (A)에 알맞은 낱말을 본문에 있는 낱말을 활용하여 쓰고, 빈칸 (B)에는 본문에 사용된 낱말의 반의어를 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 내용과 일치되도록 다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 주어진 철자로 쓰시오.

→ (A)(S    ) necessarily limits the usefulness of some tasks for providing an (B)(u      ) of motor behavior in general.

29. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

A special feature of the real estate rental market is its tendency to undergo a severe and prolonged contraction phase, more so than with manufactured products. When the supply of a manufactured product exceeds the demand, the manufacturer cuts back on output, and the merchant reduces inventory to balance supply and demand. However, property owners cannot reduce the amount of space available for rent in their buildings. Space that was constructed to accommodate business and consumer needs at the peak of the cycle remains, so vacancy rates climb and the downward trend becomes more severe. Rental rates generally do not drop below (A)a certain point, the minimum that must be charged in order to cover operating expenses. Some owners will take space off the market rather than lose money on it. A few, unable to subsidize the property, will sell at distress prices, and lenders will repossess others. (B)These may then be placed on the market at lower rental rates, further depressing the market.           * contraction phase: 경기수축기(후퇴기)

** distress price: 투매가격(판매자가 손해를 감수하는 매우 싼 가격)

1) 위 글의 주장과 일치되도록 다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 주어진 철자로 쓰시오.

→ It is important for property managers to (A)(a      ) the real estate market and recognize trends in order to be (B)(p          ) for economic depressions and crises.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)가 의미하는 것을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

3) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)가 지칭하는 것을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

30. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

ⓐBear in Budapest to a family of bankers, von Neumann was undeniably bright. At age eight, he had mastered calculus. At age twelve, he was reading works ⓑaim at professional mathematicians. But he also loved to invent mechanical toys and became a child expert on Byzantine history. When it was time to go off to university, he agreed to study chemical engineering as a compromise with his father, who feared that his son couldn't make a ⓒlive as a mathematician. Von Neumann (A)kept his bargain by enrolling at the University of Budapest and promptly ⓓleave for Berlin, where he spent his time doing mathematics, and ⓔreturn to Budapest at the end of every semester to take examinations. He published his second mathematics paper, in which he gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, at age nineteen. By age twenty-five he had published ten major papers; by age thirty, nearly three dozen.                                            * calculus: 미적분학

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ를 어법상 올바르게 쓰시오.

ⓐ (       ), ⓑ (       ), ⓒ (       ), ⓓ (       ), ⓔ (       )

31. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Not all interesting discoveries have an obvious application. If you believe you have something, but you’re not sure what exactly it’s going to be good for, don’t give up. Many innovations languished in labs for years until they were matched to a product. Teflon, an extremely slippery synthetic substance employed as a coating on cooking utensils, was invented in 1938, but it didn't coat its first pan till 1954. The Post-it note was built on the back of some not-very-good glue. Its inventor believed it might have value, but it took him five years to find a potentially profitable      ⓐ        for it. HP had a breakthrough with a super-accurate thermometer that was created in the HP Labs. Despite its accuracy, there was no clear ⓑ      for the device until it was used to measure fluctuations in ocean temperature.

* languish: 시들해지다

1) 위 글의 주장과 일치되도록 다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 주어진 철자로 쓰시오.

→ If  an idea is interesting, and has unique properties, you must have (A)(p         ); it can (B)(t      ) a while before the customer need emerges.

2) 위 글의 빈칸 ⓐ,ⓑ에 공통으로 들어갈 낱말을 본문의 단어를 활용하여 쓰시오.

32. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Empathy is a character trait that we value in ourselves and in our friends, colleagues, and the professionals who serve us. The know-how to be empathetic is central to practical wisdom: unless we can understand how others think and feel, it’s difficult to know the right thing to do. But empathy has its dark side: too much understanding and sensitivity, too much seeing things from the other’s perspective, can cloud judgment and paralyze choice. Edmund Pellegrino, a scholar of bioethics, explains it like this: “If a physician identifies too closely as co-sufferer with the patient, she loses the objectivity essential to the most precise assessment of what is wrong, of what can be done, and of what should be done to meet (A)those needs. Excessive co-suffering also impedes and may even paralyze the physician into a state of inaction.”                                                      * impede: 방해하다

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

2) What is the dark side of empathy? Write the answer in Korean.

33. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Bees have their choice of flora according to color. Lord Avenbury once made an experiment to see if the color of flowers attracted bees. Placing honey on slips of paper of different shades, he found that the insects which visited ⓐthem seemed to have a marked preference for blue, after ⓑwhich came white, yellow, red, green and orange. ⓒThis finding should be considered for our beekeeping planning. If pollination is the prime consideration of taming bees and if the crop is identified, the color of other floras nearby should be considered while planning. Let us consider beekeeping near a mustard field. Mustard gives tiny yellow flowers full of nectar and pollen. For better yield of mustard seeds, pollination is necessary. But if there is plenty of blue-colored wild flora nearby, bees may prefer the blue flowers to mustard. Although we shall get honey and other products, the objective for pollination of mustard may be defeated.                            * flora: 식물군

1) 위 글의 제목이 될 수 있도록 다음 주어진 어구의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 본문에서 찾아 쓰시오.

→ Consideration for (            )

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ가 지칭하는 것을 각각 우리말로 쓰시오.

ⓐ (          ), ⓑ (          ), ⓒ (          )

34. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

In the mid-1900s, John Kenneth Galbraith shocked the field of economics when he insisted that consumers do not merely participate in the marketplace, they are also the product of the systematic deployment of power throughout society. Within this deployment of power, commercial media ensures that consumers adopt values and beliefs that match the general requirements of the economy. The individual’s participation in mass behavior patterns is not a spontaneous reaction to random forces. Consumers engage in shared patterns of consumption because they live within an economic system that operates as a belief system. (A)It exercises considerable control over the meaning and value of things. When the economy functions as a belief system, it establishes severe limits on a consumer’s free choice. As consumers, our choices are not entirely our own. Our beliefs, values, thoughts, and emotions are highly conditioned to match the needs of the marketplace. * deployment: 배치

1) 위 글의 내용과 일치되도록 다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 주어진 철자로 쓰시오.

→ An economic system, which operates as a belief system, moulds the consumers' (A)(m        ) to the (B)(n       ) of the market.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

35. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

We've all heard the phrase “the family that plays together, stays together.” The wisdom in this phrase is that social play builds ties between people that are lasting and consequential. This wisdom holds outside the human family circle as well. For example, when one ground squirrel sees a predator in the distance, it will sound an alarm call that alerts other squirrels to run for cover. (A)It’s a risky move. In crying out, the danger-spotting squirrel draws attention to itself, which may well attract the predator. Scientists used to think that animals would risk their lives like this only for kin with whom they shared common genes. (B)New evidence suggests, however, that squirrels also sound alarm calls for former playmates, not genetically related. These squirrels developed a social resource while playing and these buddies will put their lives on the line to save their playmates.

1) Why does the author refer to the underlined part (A)? Write the answer in Korean.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

36. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Self-fulfilling prophecies can have a positive side. We know that students introduced to their teachers as ”intellectual bloomers” often do better on achievement tests than do their (A)counterparts who lack such a positive introduction. In a study of army tank crews, one set of tank commanders was told that some members of their assigned crews had exceptional abilities while others were only average. In reality, the crew members had been assigned randomly so that the two test groups were equal in ability. The commanders later reported that the so-called “exceptional” crew members performed better than the ”average“ ones. The study also revealed the commanders had given more attention and praise to the crew members for whom they had the higher expectations. The self-fulfilling effects in (B)these cases strongly suggest that managers adopt positive and optimistic approaches toward others at work.                                           * bloomer: 재능을 발휘하는 사람

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)가 지칭하는 것을 영어로 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

37. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Studies do show that motorists are more likely to yield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks than at unmarked crosswalks. But as some researchers found, (A)that does not necessarily make things safer. When they compared the way pedestrians crossed at both kinds of crosswalks on roads with considerable traffic volumes, they found that people at unmarked crosswalks tended to look both ways more often, waited more often for gaps in traffic, and crossed the road more quickly. Researchers suspect that both drivers and pedestrians are more aware that drivers should yield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks. But ⓐneither are aware of (B)this fact when it comes to unmarked crosswalks. Not knowing traffic safety laws, it turns out, is actually a good thing for pedestrians. Because they do not know whether cars are supposed to stop, they act more cautiously. Marked crosswalks, by contrast, may give pedestrians an unrealistic picture of their own safety.

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ가 지칭하는 것을 영어로 쓰시오.

3) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)의 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

38. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Some researchers investigated the effects of different media on children’s ability to produce imaginative responses. In one study, children in grades one through four were separated randomly into two groups and presented with the same fictional story. One group listened to the story via radio, ⓐ(      ) the other group watched the story on a television. Afterward, all of the children were asked what they thought would happen next in the story. The researchers rated children’s imaginativeness by recording the novel elements (such as characters, setting, dialogue, and feelings) they used in their responses. The children who listened to the radio produced more imaginative responses, ⓑ(      ) the children who watched the television produced more words that repeated the original story. Media scholars have used this study to illustrate the "(A)visualization hypothesis," which states that children’s exposure to ready-made visual images restricts their ability to generate novel images of their own.

1) 위 글의 빈칸 ⓐ,ⓑ에 공통으로 들어갈 알맞은 낱말을 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 내용이 되도록 다음 주어진 문장의 빈칸에 주어진 철자로 시작하는 낱말을 쓰시오.

→ audio-visual stories result in (A)(l     ) imagination in comparison to (B)(v     ) stories.

39. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

One of the many strengths of the African American community is an intrinsic support for the athletic endeavors of African American girls and women. Since African American culture appreciates a greater flexibility of gender roles and accepts a broader range of gender-appropriate behaviors, African American women are not as ⓐbind as white women by gender role (A)(       )s. Athletics for girls and women is not perceived as ⓑconflict with an African American female’s gender role. Hall and Bower’s study of African American females found that African American women defined themselves as “softly strong” ― ⓒown both strength and femininity without conflict. Welcome support from the African American community has energized many African American girls and women to participate in sports.

1) 위 글의 빈칸 (A)에 다음 주어진 뜻과 일치하는 낱말로 쓰시오.

a standardized and usually oversimplified conception held in common by many people

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓒ를 어법상 올바르게 쓰시오.

ⓐ (       ), ⓑ (       ), ⓒ (       )

40. 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Experts have found that reading classical texts benefits the mind by catching the reader’s attention and triggering moments of self-reflection. The brain activity of volunteers was monitored as they read classical works. These same texts were then “translated” into more straightforward, modern language and again the readers’ brains were monitored as they read the words. Scans showed that the more challenging prose and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the more pedestrian versions. Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it lit up as the readers encountered unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentence structures. This lighting up lasts long enough to shift the brain into a higher gear, encouraging further reading. The research also found that reading the more challenging version of poetry, in particular, increases activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, helping the readers to reflect on and reevaluate their own experiences in light of what they have read. The academics said (A)this meant the classics were more useful than self-help books.

1) 위 글의 내용과 일치되도록 다음 문장의 빈칸에 알맞은 낱말을 주어진 철자로 쓰시오.

→ While reading the plain text, (A)(n       ) levels of electrical activity were displayed in volunteers' brains. When they read classical texts, however, the levels of activity "jumped" because of the use of words which were (B)(u        ) to the readers.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)가 지칭하는 내용을 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

[41～42] 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Organisms must compete for resources not only with members of their own species, ⓐbut members of other species. When two species use the same resource and the resource is scarce, the species must compete just as if they were members of the same population. One of the two species usually turns out to be better at the competition. If two species eat exactly the same food, for example, one of the two ⓑwould be better at catching it. (A)Unless something interferes, the inferior competitor loses out and the competitively superior species takes over. When one species eliminates ⓒothers by outcompeting it, it is called competitive exclusion.

Sometimes a competitively superior species is prevented from excluding poorer competitors. Periodic disturbances such as severe storms, battering by drifting logs, or underwater landslides can reduce the population of a dominant competitor and give other species a chance. Furthermore, which species is competitively superior sometimes ⓓdepend on (B)the conditions. On rocky shores in tropical Hong Kong, for example, foliose (leaf-like) algae are the dominant seaweeds during the relatively cool winter. In the summer heat, these forms die out and are replaced by more resistant encrusting algae. Seasonal variation thus prevents either group ⓔto exclude the other, and there is a shifting balance between the competing species.

* encrust: 외피를 형성하다

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (A)의 내용에 해당하는 진화론의 이론을 영어와 우리말로 각각 쓰시오.

2) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (B)에 해당하는 예를 본문에 언급된 내용으로 쓰시오. (영어로)

3) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ를 어법에 올바르게 고쳐 쓰시오.

[43～45] 다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Jim Nelson, a junior at Manti High School, was an ⓐoutstand athlete. He had just (A)(       ) the school basketball team, one of the best in the state. But on October 23, 1996, most of his athletic future was suddenly taken away from him. Jim was riding his bicycle at night to visit his friend. The road was very steep in some places. It was very dark and difficult to see. As he came around a ⓑslope curve on his bicycle, Jim hit a car ⓒpark on the side of the road. He (B)(       ) up in the hospital. Besides bad cuts on his head, he broke his right arm and was in a cast for two months. Jim’s doctor gave him a series of tests. The doctor concluded that he had suffered nerve damage and that he might never (C)(       ) the full use of his right arm. Because of his injury, Jim wasn't able to play on the basketball team during the rest of that year, but the coach did make him equipment manager so that he could come and practice. All summer long in 1997, each and every night, he practiced ⓓmake left-handed baskets. When the next season (D)(       ), Jim was ready to try out for the team ― and he made it again! (E)Jim never became a starter, but he was always the first substitute to go in the game. Jim got a chance to play in the last 30 seconds of the championship game when a starting player sprained his ankle. With 10 seconds ⓔleave, Jim balanced the ball in his left hand and took the shot. The crowd was deathly quiet until ― swish! He made the three-point-shot left-handed! Jim won not only the game but also the hearts of his teammates for proving that with determination, no obstacle is too great.

1) 위 글의 밑줄 친 ⓐ~ⓔ를 어법상 올바르게 쓰시오.

ⓐ (       ), ⓑ (       ), ⓒ (       ), ⓓ (       ), ⓔ (       )

2) 위 글의 빈칸(A)~(C)에 알맞은 낱말을 보기에 골라 어법에 맞게 고쳐 쓰시오.

<보기> arrive, end, make, regain,

3) How did Jim win the hearts of his teammates? Write the answer in English.

4) 위 글의 밑줄 친 (E)의 이유를 우리말로 구체적으로 쓰시오.

정답

18. 1) ABC Well-Being Institute가 제공하는 긍정적이고 에너지 넘치는 삶을 제공하는 건강관리 프로그램. 2) Then 또는 Therefore

19. 1) natural process, 2) 다른 사람들이 (여러분이 수행하거나 이야기하는 내용에 대해 항상) 부정적인 논평을 하는 것이 사실에 근거하지 않는다면.

20. 1) looking forward to, 2) ⓐhad just begun, ⓑfulfilling, ⓒbecoming, ⓓwaiting, ⓔto touch

21. 1) imperfectly, 2) stumbling block

22. 1) ⓐfunctions, ⓑexamples, ⓒcultures, ⓓstatus, ⓔidentity, 2) (A)display, (B)message

23. 1) (A)consumption, (B)social, 2) 사람들이 비축을 위해 더 많은 농작물을 생산하는 것.

27. 1) invisible, 2) primary consumers ([1차 생산자(primary producer]를 잡아먹는 작은 초식 동물)

28. 1) (A)objectivity, (B) subjective, 2) (A)Scoring, (B)understanding

29. 1) (A)analyze, (B)prepared, 2) 운영비를 충당하기 위해 청구되어야 할 최소한의 비용.

3) (임대료를 치르지 않은) 다른 부동산들

30. 1) 화학 공학을 공부하겠다는 아버지와의 약속. 2) ⓐBorn, ⓑaimed, ⓒliving, ⓓleaving, ⓔreturning

31. 1) (A)patience, (B)take, 2) use

32. 1) 환자들이 의사에게 요구하는 사항들. 2) 너무 지나친 이해와 세심함, 과도하게 다른 사람의 관점에서 상황을 보는 것은 판단을 흐리고 선택을 마비시킬 수 있는 것.

33. 1) beekeeping, 2) ⓐ 다양한 색조의 종이쪽지, ⓑ 파란색, ⓒ 색깔에 대한 벌의 선호도에 대한 발견

34. 1) (A)mind, (B)need, 2) 신념 체계로 작동하는 경제 체계.

35. 1) 큰 소리를 낼 때, 위험을 감지한 그 다람쥐는 자신을 주목하도록 하는데, 그것은 포식자의 주의를 끌 가능성이 클 것이기 때문. 2) 다람쥐들이 유전적으로 관련 없는 이전의 놀이 동무를 위해서도 또한 경보를 발함을 보여 주는 증거.

36. 1) students, 2) 자신의 선생님에게 ‘지적으로 재능을 발휘할 학생’으로 소개된 학생이 그러한 긍정적인 소개가 없는 학생보다 학력 검사에서 흔히 더 잘한다는 사례와 전차 지휘관들이 자신들의 기대치가 더 높았던 전차병들에게 더 많은 배려와 칭찬을 해줌으로 인해서 ‘특출한’ 전차병들이 ‘보통의’ 전차병들보다 더 잘했다는 사례.

37. 1) 건널목 표시가 없는 건널목에서보다 표시가 되어 있는 건널목에서 운전자들이 보행자들에게 양보할 가능성이 더 높은 것. 2) drivers and pedestrians, 3) 건널목에서 운전자가 보행자에게 양보해야 한다라는 사실.

38. 1) while 또는 whereas, 2) (A)less, (B)verbal

39. 1) stereotype, 2) ⓐbound, ⓑconflicting, ⓒowning

40. 1) (A)normal, (B)unfamiliar, 2) 더 어려운 버전의 시를 읽는 것이 특히 우뇌의 활동을 증가시켜서 독자들이 자신이 읽은 것에 비추어 자신의 경험을 되돌아보고 재평가하도록 돕는다는 사실.

41. 1) the survival of the fittest, 적자생존, 2) Seasonal variation, 3) ⓐbut with, ⓑwill be, ⓒanother, ⓓdepends on, ⓔfrom excluding

45. 1) ⓐoutstanding, ⓑsloping, ⓒparked, ⓓmaking, ⓔleft, 2) (A)made, (B)ended, (C)regain, (D)arrived, 3) By proving that with determination, no obstacle is too great.

4) Jim은 친구를 방문하기 위해 밤에 자신의 자전거를 타고 가다가, 길가에 주차된 차와 부딪혀서 오른쪽 팔이 부러져 오른쪽 팔을 사용하지 못하는 부상을 당해서 왼손으로만 공을 넣어야 하기  때문에.