1번부터 17번까지는 듣고 답하는 문제입니다. 1번부터 15번까지는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다.

2018학년도 4월 고3 전국연합학력평가 문제지

영어 영역

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영어 영역

영어 영역

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

8

① I bought them three days ago.

② You’re so good at designing shoes.

③ They’re very comfortable for running.

④ They were sold at a very cheap price.

⑤ I got them at a new shoe store downtown.

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① That’s okay. Let’s see another movie.

② Right. I was impressed by the play, too.

③ Wait! We don’t have tickets for the show.

④ Good idea. My mom likes to watch movies.

⑤ Hurry up! We should get good seats in the theater.

다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 과식의 위험성을 경고하려고

② 천천히 식사하기를 권장하려고

③ 식단 관리 프로그램을 홍보하려고

④ 다이어트에 좋은 음식을 소개하려고

⑤ 규칙적인 식사의 중요성을 강조하려고

대화를 듣고, 여자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 취미와 연관된 봉사 활동을 하는 것이 좋다.

② 노인들을 위한 체력 단련 시설을 확충해야 한다.

③ 효과적인 봉사 활동을 위한 사전 교육이 필요하다.

④ 여가를 활용한 취미 생활은 일의 능률을 높여준다.

⑤ 지역 문화센터에 다양한 교양 강좌를 개설해야 한다.

대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오.

① 교통경찰 – 운전자	② 주유소 직원 – 손님

③ 자동차 판매원 – 고객	④ 운전 강사 – 운전 연습생

⑤ 자동차 정비사 – 자동차 주인

대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

①

②

③

④

⑤

대화를 듣고, 여자가 남자에게 부탁한 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 피자 만들기	② 주방 청소하기

③ 식기 세팅하기	④ 아기 의자 가져오기

⑤ 음료수 준비하기

대화를 듣고, 남자가 농구 경기를 보러 갈 수 없는 이유를 고르시오.

① 도서관에 가야 해서

② 아르바이트를 해야 해서

③ 문학 보고서를 써야 해서

④ 삼촌 댁을 방문해야 해서

⑤ 동생을 치과에 데려가야 해서

대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점]

① $27	② $30	③ $36	④ $40	⑤ $45

대화를 듣고, Sky Adventure Event에 관해 언급되지 않은 것을 고르시오.

① 기간	② 장소	③ 참가 연령

④ 활동 종류	⑤ 입장권 가격

career counseling program에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

① 다섯 명의 전문 진로 상담사들이 초대된다.

② 다음 달 매주 목요일 오후에 진행될 것이다.

③ 상담사와 일대일 상담을 할 수 있다.

④ 참가하려면 신청서를 미리 제출해야 한다.

⑤ 개인별 상담 시간은 교내 게시판에 공지될 것이다.

다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 남자가 주문할 상품을 고르시오.

Flower Delivery

	Package	Flower Type	Price	Container	Hand Delivery
①	A	Orchids	$30	Vase	×
②	B	Sunflowers	$35	Basket	×
③	C	Lilies	$40	Vase	○
④	D	Roses	$45	Basket	○
⑤	E	Carnations	$55	Gift Box	○

대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

Woman:

① I don’t agree. Too much exercise can be harmful.

② Trust me. You’ll be in good shape if you go to a gym.

③ No way. You shouldn’t skip your workouts that often.

④ Definitely. Working out at home has many advantages.

⑤ I bet. You can improve sociability through team sports.

대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

Man:

① That’s right. You’ve been to Spain several times.

② You’re so kind. Thanks for helping me adapt here.

③ Good job! Your Spanish is much better than before.

④ Too bad. You’ll have to find another country to visit.

⑤ You’ll be fine. It could be a great experience for you.

다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Ted가 Rachel에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Ted:

① We need to empty the trash can to keep our room clean.

② I recommend you use less water to save the environment.

③ You should separate paper from other waste for recycling.

④ You ought to hand in your class paper before the due date.

⑤ You have to change your habit of spending money wastefully.

[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

① the history of respected music awards in the U.S.

② genres of African-American music in the 20th century

③ combinations of music styles throughout African history

④ the influence of African-American musicians in the world

⑤ development of different formats of American music shows

언급된 음악이 아닌 것은?

① blues	② jazz	③ disco	④ funk	⑤ hip hop

이제 듣기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다.

다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Dear John Owen,

My name is George Smith, an assistant professor at Riverside Teacher’s College. I teach a seminar course for fifteen student teachers. At this point in their studies, my students are looking for guidance on their future teaching career. Your authority in this field, as the principal at Eastville School, will help them as they prepare a teaching portfolio. I would like to invite you to speak to my students on Thursday, March 22 from 5 to 7 p.m. Your expertise will help them focus on what to include in their teacher portfolio and what experiences and skills separate good candidates from great ones. I would be honored if you would accept this invitation.

Sincerely,

George Smith

① 취업 포트폴리오 작성을 위한 강좌 개설을 공지하려고

② 교직을 희망하는 학생들을 위한 강의를 부탁하려고

③ 대학 교직원 채용 규정의 수정을 제안하려고

④ 교직 세미나를 위한 강사 추천을 요청하려고

⑤ 무료 공개 강좌 일정의 변경을 안내하려고

다음 글에 드러난 ‘I’의 심경 변화로 가장 적절한 것은?

We had decided to get away from the bombs, but the buses didn’t move. We waited and waited, but they didn’t go anywhere. It became so dark while we were sitting on the bus that we began to shiver at the sense of dread. I felt like a bomb was going to fall on us or that soldiers were going to come in. All of a sudden, I heard the loud sound of engines, and the buses started moving. I thought it was a dream. We drove for about thirty minutes, and then out the window I could see a big crowd of people who were waiting for us. Mommy said they were people who were going to help us. I almost couldn’t even believe it ― we were safe.

① fearful → relieved	② relaxed → worried

③ regretful → indifferent	④ envious → delighted

⑤ sympathetic → frightened

다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Often the difference between feeling fulfilled at work and feeling empty, lost, annoyed, and burned out is all about whether or not you’re learning anything. This is another reason to listen. It’s amazing how much more you learn when you pause, quiet your mind, and listen to what others say. This is true for peers to your left and right as well as the very teams you lead. Sometimes it’s hard to listen to your boss or an executive, especially if you don’t agree 100 percent of the time. In some cases, you may not even like them. I get it. Remember, they’re in their roles for a reason, and they just might know a few things. Be open and willing to listen to what they say. You may not agree with everything you hear, but at least you listened. Even if you don’t agree with what they say or how they say it, you’ve learned what not to do or how not to say it.

① 경쟁보다는 협력을 통한 성취에 가치를 두어야 한다.

② 직장에서 배움을 통해 성취감을 느끼려면 경청해야 한다.

③ 관리자는 직원들에게 능력에 맞는 역할을 부여해야 한다.

④ 좋은 인간관계를 유지하려면 상대방의 입장을 배려해야 한다.

⑤ 성공적인 직장 생활을 위해 끊임없이 새로운 것에 도전해야 한다.

다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Some might think self-confidence is innate, or it is enough to feel it once and charge through the difficulties of life without hesitation. Bad news. Self-confidence is certainly not innate and there is no universal confidence. Practice and active repetition make the master. Standing up for myself once did start a change in me, but it didn’t grant me unlimited and never-ending confidence. It was just a start, a proof that I could be there for myself. If you have this belief, that you’re there for yourself, every situation seems more bearable, achievable or in my case, survivable. The more times you prove to yourself that you are there for yourself, and you’re enough to handle the situation, the more confident you’ll be.

① 보편적인 자신감은 누구에게나 내재되어 있다.

② 반복해서 자신을 지지함으로써 자신감을 키울 수 있다.

③ 상황에 대한 정확한 이해가 자신감 형성에 도움이 된다.

④ 자신감을 회복하려면 주변 사람들의 격려가 있어야 한다.

⑤ 지나친 자신감은 인생의 어려움을 극복하는 데 방해가 된다.

다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

Some city planning experts called for legislation against texting while walking that would be followed by a deep change of norms. This recommendation is based on the assumption that this change is welcomed, but laws banning texting while walking failed in Toronto, Arkansas, Illinois, Nevada, New Jersey and New York. Meanwhile, high-tech firms are developing technological solutions to the problem, offering a transparent screen that allows pedestrians to see what is going on in front of them while texting. Another direction for adaptation to the problem was provided by city councils via better urban planning and interventions to generate awareness. Some towns and college campuses have put ‘look up’ signs in dangerous stairwells and intersections. Hong Kong added announcements in its subway system recommending that passengers look around; New York City reduced speeds for cars, and San Francisco fosters pedestrian-only corridors.

① the urgent necessity of regular safety drills in urban areas

② the serious effects of tech-addiction on cognitive abilities

③ different strategies to address the problem of texting walkers

④ unexpected reasons why legislation against texting while walking failed

⑤ major conflicts between advanced technology and outdated traffic systems

다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

A couple of years ago, I became interested in what we call hardship inoculation. This is the idea that struggling with a mental puzzle ― trying to remember a phone number or deciding what to do on a long Sunday afternoon ― inoculates you against future mental hardships just as vaccinations inoculate you against illness. There is good evidence to support the idea that small doses of mental hardship are good for us. Young adults do much better on tricky mental puzzles when they’ve solved difficult rather than easy ones earlier. Adolescent athletes also thrive on challenges: we’ve found, for example, that college basketball teams do better when their preseason schedules are more demanding. These mild initial struggles are critical. Depriving our kids of them by making everything easier is dangerous ― we just don’t know how dangerous.

① Have Vaccinations Always Proven to Be Effective?

② Physical Activities as the Driving Force for Mental Health

③ Give Young Adults a Chance to Escape Academic Pressure!

④ A Shot of Mental Hardship Vaccine to Ease Later Struggles

⑤ Demanding Puzzles: Obstacles to Follow-Up Mental Activities

다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Who’s Most Worried About Fake Content on the Web?

People who agree “I worry about what’s real and what’s fake on the Internet”

The above graph shows the percentage of people from six countries who strongly agree or somewhat agree that they are worried about fake content on the Internet. ① 92 percent of Brazilian respondents agree that they are concerned about what is real and what is fake on the web. ② In Greece and France, the total percentage of people who strongly or somewhat agree is the same, but the percentage of people who strongly agree in Greece is higher than that in France. ③ In France, nearly 60 percent of people strongly agree, which is more than twice the amount of those who somewhat agree. ④ While the total percentage of people who strongly or somewhat agree is 76 percent in both the USA and Turkey, the percentage of people who somewhat agree in Turkey is three times higher than that in the USA. ⑤ Meanwhile, German respondents are the least worried about fake web content among the six countries, at 47 percent overall.

Maurice Maeterlinck에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

Maurice Maeterlinck, the greatest symbolist playwright of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, was born on August 29, 1862, in Ghent, Belgium. He studied law and worked as a lawyer until 1889, when he decided to devote himself to writing. In 1897, Maeterlinck went to Paris, where he met many of the leading symbolist writers of the day. His first play, La Princesse Maleine (The Princess Maleine), was sent to major French symbolist poet and critic Mallarmé and became an immediate success. Another of his plays, L’Oiseau bleu (The Blue Bird), was an international success and has been adapted several times as a children’s book and a major motion picture. The phrase “the bluebird of happiness” derives from this enormously popular and enduring story. Maeterlinck won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1911. He died of a heart attack on May 6, 1949, in Nice, France.

① 변호사로 일을 하다가 글쓰기에 전념하기로 했다.

② 파리에서 당대의 많은 상징주의 작가들을 만났다.

③ 시인이자 비평가인 Mallarmé에게 보냈던 첫 극본이 실패했다.

④ 아동 도서와 영화로 각색된 국제적인 성공작이 있다.

⑤ 1911년에 노벨 문학상을 수상했다.

T-Shirt Design Contest에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

T-Shirt Design Contest

Open to all high school students in Chicago

The perfect opportunity to express yourself creatively!

Design Theme

• Your creation should be about your favorite “hero from Chicago.”

Guidelines

• You must use solid lines and only up to 3 colors.

• Entries must be scanned and submitted by email to thearn@chicagocharities.org.

Prizes

• 1st - $500

2nd - $300

3rd - $200

* The design of the first prize winner will be used on Hero Parade T-shirts!

Deadline & Winner Announcement

• All submissions must be received by March 31st.

• The winners will be announced on www.heroparade.org on April 11th.

For full contest guidelines

call Thomas Hearn at (773) 536-3710.

① 시카고 출신 영웅을 주제로 한 창작품이어야 한다.

② 최소한 세 가지 이상의 색을 사용해야 한다.

③ 출품작은 스캔해서 이메일로 제출해야 한다.

④ 1등 디자인은 영웅 퍼레이드 티셔츠에 사용될 것이다.

⑤ 제출물은 3월 마지막 날까지 받는다.

E-Waste Collection Day에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

E-Waste Collection Day

Disposing of electronics responsibly through recycling is crucial in keeping our community clean and vibrant.

Date and Time: Saturday, May 19, 2:00 PM to 6:00 PM

Location: Woodbury Campus East Parking Lot

22 Redford Street, Portland, ME

Items for Collection:

TVs, Computers, Monitors, Printers, Stereos, Cell phones, Cameras, Microwaves & Other household electronic waste

Items Not Accepted:

Refrigerators, Air conditioners, Batteries, Light bulbs, Smoke detectors

Collection Day Tips:

We think a lot of people will come, so please expect to wait some time. Stay in your vehicle, and our staff will help you unload items.

All the money earned from the event will be donated to the Maine Children’s Cancer Center.

① 토요일 오전에 진행되는 행사이다.

② Woodbury Campus 체육관에서 열린다.

③ 냉장고와 전구는 수거 대상 물품이다.

④ 차에서 물품을 내리는 것을 진행 요원이 도와준다.

⑤ 모든 수익금은 어린이 도서관에 기부된다.

다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

According to Pierre Pica, understanding quantities approximately in terms of estimating ratios is a universal human intuition. In fact, humans who do not have numbers have no choice but ① to see the world in this way. By contrast, understanding quantities in terms of exact numbers is not a universal intuition; it is a product of culture. The precedence of approximations and ratios over exact numbers, Pica suggests, ② is due to the fact that ratios are much more important for survival in the wild than the ability to count. ③ Faced with a group of spear-wielding adversaries, we needed to know instantly whether there were more of them than us. When we saw two trees we needed to know instantly ④ that had more fruit hanging from it. In neither case was it ⑤ necessary to enumerate every enemy or every fruit individually. The crucial thing was to be able to make quick estimates of the relative amounts.

* enumerate: 일일이 세다

(A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Hypothesis is a tool which can cause trouble if not used properly. We must be ready to abandon or modify our hypothesis as soon as it is shown to be (A)  consistent / inconsistent  with the facts. This is not as easy as it sounds. When delighted by the way one’s beautiful idea offers promise of further advances, it is tempting to overlook an observation that does not fit into the pattern woven, or to try to explain it away. It is not at all rare for investigators to adhere to their broken hypotheses, turning a blind eye to contrary evidence, and not altogether unknown for them to (B)  deliberately / unintentionally  suppress contrary results. If the experimental results or observations are definitely opposed to the hypothesis or if they necessitate overly complicated or improbable subsidiary hypotheses to accommodate them, one has to (C)  defend / discard  the idea with as few regrets as possible. It is easier to drop the old hypothesis if one can find a new one to replace it. The feeling of disappointment too will then vanish.

* subsidiary: 부차적인

	(A)		(B)		(C)
①	consistent	……	deliberately	……	defend
②	consistent	……	unintentionally	……	discard
③	inconsistent	……	deliberately	……	discard
④	inconsistent	……	unintentionally	……	discard
⑤	inconsistent	……	deliberately	……	defend

밑줄 친 she[her]가 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

My mom worked as a nurse in a clinic in Vallejo, California. One day a patient, Catherine, came into the clinic and my mom admired her dress. The woman explained that ① she had made the dress and that she used to be a seamstress when she lived in her home country of Jamaica. She had recently moved to the U.S. and hadn’t been able to bring her sewing machine with ② her and wasn’t able to afford to buy one. Soon after their meeting, my mom continued to think about this lovely Jamaican woman. There had to be something she could do to help ③ her. Searching the thrift shops in our area, my mom finally found a used sewing machine. It was the perfect gift for ④ her new acquaintance. It wasn’t long before my mom began bringing her clothing in need of repair or requiring alterations. Soon, Catherine was making clothes for our family. Eventually ⑤ she was able to start a small seamstress business.

* seamstress: 여자 재봉사

[31 ~ 34] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Hardly any discovery is possible without making use of knowledge gained by others. The vast store of scientific knowledge which is today available could never have been built up if scientists did not pool their contributions. The publication of experimental results and observations so that they are available to others and open to criticism is one of the fundamental principles on which modern science is based.            is contrary to the best interests and spirit of science. It prevents the individual from contributing to further progress; it usually means that he or his employer is trying to exploit for their own gain some advance made by building on the knowledge which others have freely given. Much research is carried out in secret in industry and in government war departments. This seems to be inevitable in the world as it is today, but it is nevertheless wrong in principle. Ideally, freedom to publish should be a basic right of all research workers.

① Secrecy	② Imitation	③ Hesitancy

④ Popularity	⑤ Generosity

Hands are in fact used for typing in two senses of the word: We use fingers to write words with keyboards, and we also use them as input for                      . We can often tell what type of person we are viewing by looking at his or her hands. In this way, hands communicate identity. Consider gender. One’s hands can indicate whether a person is masculine or feminine by use of culturally specific gender markers such as long nails, nail polish, or gendered jewelry. In India, henna paintings are made on the hands of a bride who is about to be married. In many cultures, a ring indicates marital status. Rings may also indicate personal interests, taste, and subculture. A skull ring may say “rocker,” a class ring may say “college graduate,” and a cross on one’s ring may say “Christian.” Ostentatiously jeweled rings can also convey financial wealth.

* ostentatiously: 과시적으로

① medical diagnosis

② social classification

③ creative expression

④ irrational judgement

⑤ psychological evaluation

It’s a well-known fact that the food industry uses colors such as synthetic beta-carotene (an orange-yellow dye) in an attempt                                       . Take margarine, for example: Its natural color is really more of a white, and its taste is oilier than that of yellow butter. The addition of beta-carotene makes margarine look more like butter, and it appears creamier than it really is. The “margarine question” goes back surprisingly far. In 1895, C. Petersen gave a lecture with that title at the general meeting of the Association of the German Dairy Industry in Berlin, which included a comment about the color of margarine. “We’ll have to raise the question as to why margarine is dyed the color of butter, and the only possible answer to that question is because it is believed that it will make people think that they are in fact consuming butter.” And even if this addition of color was presented as harmless, he added, it was still done “for the purpose of deception.” [3점]

① to simplify the manufacturing process

② to manipulate customer behavior

③ to minimize product spoilage

④ to enhance nutritional value

⑤ to intensify flavors

Automaticity works because it’s fast. All we need to do is hold an image in our mind, and our automated motor plan will run off smoothly. But we, because we’re clever and think we know better, don’t let it. We interfere, by thinking. We think in words, and we can only process words slowly, so all we achieve is that we disrupt our automaticity. We allow our conscious mind (us) to dominate our subconscious mind (our habits and automated motor plans), trying to force our body through movements it doesn’t want to make. We do this because we’ve read books on technique and believe we know all the best angles, positions, and movements. But a better plan would be to allow our subconscious mind, which does know the best way to move, to get on with moving. Once we’ve automated a skill, we can                                           . [3점]

① only damage it by thinking

② quickly acquire another skill

③ hardly make our bad habits go away

④ easily forget it without reinforcement

⑤ rarely think of it from a different angle

다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

There is a widely accepted theory in social psychology known as the pratfall effect, which actually states that making certain kinds of mistakes makes you more likable because  you are relatable in your vulnerability. ① This phenomenon has been tested and confirmed many times over, and remembering it can help you to feel better in times of embarrassment or shame. ② One simple example of the pratfall effect’s validity is that people tend to like a person who clumsily trips on video more than one who doesn’t trip in the video. ③ When we feel embarrassed, it’s natural to assume that others might like us less because we like ourselves a bit less in those moments. ④ Feelings such as nervousness or anxiety can sometimes make us concentrate more on other things, which helps us forget about the mistake. ⑤ But if we don’t take ourselves too seriously in those moments and bear them with a smile, it can even be attractive to others.

[36 ~ 37] 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

If a carpenter only has a hammer and nails, then he will think about nailing things to whatever he is doing. If all he has is a saw, then he will think about ways of cutting pieces off of what he is doing.

(A) As a result, it can cause us to use the wrong tool. We tend to consider using only the tools we have easily available, the tools we have actually learned how to use, and how we can use them to get our work done.

(B) This was a great strategy back in the Paleolithic days, when we had limited tools. It helped us to figure out how to take a stick or a rock (the only tool we might have) and knock fruit out of a tree so we didn’t starve.

(C) Today, however, we have multiple tools at our disposal. Some of them are good and some are not so good. However, this way of thinking is still hard-wired in our brain.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

When commercial refrigeration became a possibility in the late nineteenth century, it offered great advantages, both to consumers and to industry.

(A) And at some level, they were right, as anyone who has ever compared a tomato at room temperature with one from the fridge can confirm: one is sweetly fragrant and juicy; the other is metallic and dull. Every new technology includes both gain and loss.

(B) Yet there was a widespread terror of this new technology, from both buyers and sellers. Consumers were suspicious of food that had been kept in cold storage. Market traders, too, did not know how to think of this new chill. In the 1890s, some sellers in Paris felt that refrigeration would spoil their produce.

(C) Fridges were especially useful for storing perishable substances such as milk, which had previously been the cause of thousands of deaths every year in the big cities of the world. Refrigeration benefited traders too, creating a longer window of opportunity in which they could sell their food.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

[38 ~ 39] 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

But again, not every city has taken advantage of these opportunities.

Urbanization has been taking place since the Neolithic Revolution, when agriculture enabled food surpluses to create a division of labor in settlements. ( ① ) The unlocking of human ingenuity to work on technology, trade, and urban culture has created ever-expanding opportunities in cities. ( ② ) However, while some cities took advantage of these new opportunities, many remained little more than rural trading posts. ( ③ ) Urban opportunities accelerated with the Industrial Revolution and more recently with the globalization of the economy. ( ④ ) Some cities, such as Liverpool, Philadelphia, and Pittsburgh, have struggled to adapt to the new opportunities and have relied for too long on outmoded methods of industrial production. ( ⑤ ) Yet other cities, such as Manchester and New York, have made the transition and are thriving.

The Maasai, however, are a small minority, and their communally held lands have often been taken by outsiders.

Since the 1970s, more and more Maasai have given up the traditional life of mobile herding and now dwell in permanent huts. ( ① ) This trend was started by government policies that encouraged subdivision of commonly held lands. ( ② ) In the 1960s, conventional conservation wisdom held that the Maasai’s roaming herds were overstocked, degrading the range and Amboseli’s fever-tree woodlands. ( ③ ) Settled, commercial ranching, it was thought, would be far more efficient. ( ④ ) The Maasai rejected the idea at first — they knew they could not survive dry seasons without moving their herds to follow the availability of water and fresh grass. ( ⑤ ) As East Africa’s human population grows, Maasai people are subdividing their lands and settling down, for fear of otherwise losing everything. [3점]

다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

In 2006, researchers at the University of Missouri took twenty-eight undergraduates and asked them to memorize lists of words and then recall these words at a later time. To test whether distraction affected their ability to memorize, the researchers asked the students to perform a simultaneous task — placing a series of letters in order based on their color by pressing the keys on a computer keyboard. This task was given under two conditions: when the students were memorizing the lists of words and when the students were recalling those lists for the researchers. The Missouri scientists discovered that concurrent tasks affected both memorizing and recalling. When the keyboard task was given while the students were trying to recall the previously memorized words, there was a 9 to 26 percent decline in their performance. The decline was even more if the concurrent task occurred while they were memorizing, in which case their performance decreased by 46 to 59 percent.

□

When undergraduate participants were asked to carry out a simultaneous task to make them     (A)    , they showed a(n)      (B)       in their ability to memorize words and to recall them.

	(A)		(B)
①	distracted	……	reduction
②	distracted	……	improvement
③	focused	……	decline
④	challenged	……	increase
⑤	challenged	……	stability

[41 ~ 42] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

We are accustomed to thinking of light as always going in straight lines. But it doesn’t. This is manifest when you view a mirage on a long straight highway on a hot day. The road looks wet way up ahead because light from the sky refracts, bending as it crosses the many successive layers of warm air near the surface of the road, until it heads back up to your eye.

The French mathematician Pierre de Fermat showed another way to understand this phenomenon. Light travels faster in warmer, less dense air than it does in colder air. Because the warmest air is near the surface, the light takes less time to get to your eye if it travels down near the ground and then returns up to your eye than it would if it came directly in a straight line to your eye. Fermat formulated a principle, which says that, to determine the ultimate path of any light ray, you simply need to examine all possible paths from A to B and find the one that takes the least time.

This makes it sound as if light has           , and I resisted the temptation to say light considers all paths and chooses the one that takes the least time. This is because I fully expect that my online opponent Deepak Chopra would later quote me as implying that light has consciousness. Light does not have consciousness, but the mathematical result makes it appear as if light chooses the shortest distance.

윗글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Applications of Optical Physics to Air Travel

② Human Beings See Only What They Want to See

③ Never-Ending Arguments on the Refraction of Light

④ What Makes Light Seem to Take the Optimal Course?

⑤ Mirage: A Phenomenon That Can’t Be Explained in Theory

윗글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

① intentionality	② randomness

③ resistance	④ intensity

⑤ durability

[43 ~ 45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A)

One young person applied for a managerial position in a big company. He passed the first interview, and the director did the last interview to make the final decision. The director found (a) his academic achievements were excellent all the way from secondary school until college. He asked, “Did you get any scholarships in school?” The youth answered, “None. My mother paid my school fees working as a clothes cleaner.”

(B)

The next day, the youth went to the director’s office. The director noticed something had changed in the youth and said, “I want to recruit a person who appreciates the help and sacrifice of others and doesn’t think of money as the only goal in life. I want you to be our new sales manager.” Later on, this young person worked very hard and earned the respect of (b) his colleagues. All the employees worked well together, and the company’s performance improved tremendously.

(C)

The director asked the youth to show his hands. The youth presented (c) him a pair of hands that were smooth and perfect. The director asked, “Have you ever helped your mother wash the clothes before?” The youth answered, “No, she always wanted me to study and read more books.” The director said, “I have a request. When you go back home today, clean your mother’s hands, and then see me tomorrow morning.”

(D)

That evening, the youth asked his mother to let him clean her hands. Her hands were so wrinkled, and there were so many bruises on her hands. Some bruises were so painful that (d) his mother shivered when her hands were cleaned. He shed tears as he cleaned his mother’s hands. This was the first time he realized that it was this pair of hands that washed clothes every day to enable (e) him to study.

주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) - (D) - (C)	② (C) - (B) - (D)

③ (C) - (D) - (B)	④ (D) - (B) - (C)

⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)

밑줄 친 (a) ~ (e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a)	② (b)	③ (c)	④ (d)	⑤ (e)

윗글의 젊은이에 관한 내용으로 적절하지 않은 것은?

① 장학금을 받은 적이 없다.

② 판매 관리자로 채용되었다.

③ 열심히 일해서 동료들의 존경을 받았다.

④ 어머니가 세탁하는 것을 가끔 도왔다.

⑤ 어머니의 손은 주름지고 멍들어 있었다.

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