take 23

grammar

1. A: How is John these days?

B: He is given ______ daydreaming about Africa.

(a) to (b) over (c) away (d) off

2. A: What does Judy want to do?

B: She wants to make a lot of money, but stock, and _____ early.

(a) she wants to retire (b) retiring (c) to retire (d) retire

3. A: Who is going on vacation?

B: Well, Tom, along with Bob and Mike, ______ going on vacation.

(a) are (b) is (c) will (d) was

4. They have three daughters, one a baby, ______ twins of twelve.

(a) another (b) the other (c) the others (d) others

5. John is ______ of the two.

(a) tall (b) taller (c) tallest (d) the taller

6. ______ what was wrong with many conventional studies of existentialism, she proceeded to develop her own approach to this subject.

(a) Highlighting (b) Highlighted (c) Having highlighted (d) Having been highlighted

7. Mary got her husband _______.

(a) quit gambling (b) having quit gambling

(c) quitting gambling (d) to quit gambling

8. (a) A: How did you like Dr. Johnson's article about the school reform policy?

(b) B: I didn't like it that much. But there were some arguments that I thought were pretty convinced.

(c) A: I don't agree. I didn't like the article at all. Besides, it was pretty poorly organized, unlike his previous ones.

(d) B: Oh, well. I guess that happens sometimes.

9. (a) A: What are you having?

(b) B: I don't know. I can't decide.

(c) A: I will have the special if I were you. I had it last time. It was good.

(d) B: No, it's got ham on it. I don't like ham. I'll just have plain pizza.

10. (a) Statistics show that in the last ten years the divorce rate in the United States has increased significantly. (b) Because of the increase in divorce, more attention paid to how divorce is affecting children and what arrangements are being made for custody of children when their parents get divorced. (c) In the past, custody of the child in a divorce case was awarded to the mother. (d) However, today many couples are trying joint custody which means that the child spends an equal amount of time with each parent.

vocabulary

1. A: I have to get my passport _______.

B: Me, too. And we should apply for visas right away.

(a) revived (b) renewed (c) reviewed (d) recalled

2. A: Where's your sister?

B: I think she had some ______ to run.

(a) work (b) errands (c) jobs (d) projects

3. A: Don't turn him ______.

B: I won't. He can't get away from me.

(a) lose (b) loose (c) around (d) aside

4. A: We are raising funds for the flood victims.

B: Put me ______ hundred thousand won.

(a) up for (b) up with (c) down for (d) down to

5. A: What's the matter?

B: I'm _______, and need some help.

(a) up a tree (b) up front (c) upbeat (d) under wraps

6. One of the functions of a government is to ______ money from the richer segment of the population to the poorer segment.

(a) diverge (b) divert (c) extrovert (d) accumulate

7. Bob has a _______ for ball games.

(a) preeminence (b) predilection (c) preparative (d) prerequisite

8. Susan's investment ______ 10% last year.

(a) saved (b) yielded (c) invested (d) funded

9. Michel's ______ personality helps him in his job as a salesperson.

(a) languid (b) torpid (c) vivacious (d) apathetic

10. It's impolite to _________.

(a) put in a good word for someone (b) keep one's word

(c) put words in someone's mouth (d) hang on someone's words

reading comprehension

1. The Salem Witch House is a popular attraction for school groups and Halloween outings, and serves as a chilling reminder of the mass hysteria that gripped New England in 1692. The town is build around this history, with memorials, museums and real-life "white witches" hanging their shingles in Salem. The Salem Witch Trials were a gruesome affair resulting in 24 executions. The house where the accused women were interrogated still stand and is open for tours. __________ may or may not have practiced "The Craft," but today there are reportedly 2,000 Salem residents who identify themselves as witches. And they are free to practice their avocation without fear of stoning, hanging or burning.

(a) Many tourists

(b) The unfortunate victims of the trial

(c) The fortunate women

(d) The interrogators

2.

The recent boom in alternative health options is a reflection of increasing consumer disquiet. The orthodox medical profession has responded by tending to reject those therapies, the validity of which cannot be proved by clinical trials. Yet increased acceptance of the psychosomatic basis of illnesses such as asthma has meant that some doctors are now recommending alternative therapies in place of drugs or placebos. Responsible practitioners of unconventional medicine take a similar line. Alternative therapists treating cancer, for example, do not advocate that their clients reject radiotherapy and chemotherapy altogether. Thus, ______________.

(a) alternative health options should not be taken along with orthodox treatment

(b) he unconventional of yesterday could soon become the orthodox of tomorrow

(c) alternative or unconventional medicine is rapidly becoming complementary to orthodox treatment

(d) unconventional medicine should be taken only after consulting professional doctors

3.

Proponents of doctor-assisted, or euthanasia, argue that sparing terminally ill people tremendous physical and emotional torment is an act of mercy. No reasonable person, they say, should object to someone helping another to die when prolonging life only extends suffering. Under such conditions, ____________ should give way to compassion. Opponents, however, argue that it would be unwise not to weigh very carefully the reservations of many generation of religious, medical and moral leaders. The legitimization of euthanasia will open other doors that society has long kept firmly shut. The concern of doctors must be how best to prolong and enhance life, not how to end it.

(a) ethical restrictions

(b) personal anguish

(c) usual practices

(d) financial concerns

4.

Technology denotes development of machinery and science for man's use. However, the connotative meaning differs between countries and cultures. What does the equivalent word for technology connote in your country? In Peru, Indonesia, Ethiopia, and other developing countries, technology is a positive word meaning progress, while in a developed, industrialized country like the U.S., technology may have negative connotations as well. That is, it might make hearers think of developments to improve man's life, but it might also make them think of _______________.

(a) the unknown future which awaits humankind

(b) natural disasters that can be prevented by technology

(c) the many ways technology is changing our lives

(d) the harmful consequences that accompany progress

5.

Although wars have always caused suffering, panic and destruction, most works of art before the 19th century showed only the glorious side of war. This is because the art was commissioned by kings or generals, who used it to celebrate victory, encourage patriotism, and reinforce their power. These "official" images of war are still produced in the 20th century, but the more memorable images tend to be the unofficial ones. Because these usually reflect a more personal point of view, and represent no vested, they tend to give _____________.

(a) glorious details about war

(b) no meaningful message concerning war

(c) both realistic and favorable aspects of war

(d) a truer picture of the horror of war

6.

American children grow up in a culture where violence is pervasive in movies, television dramas and even song lyrics. But psychologists Joanne Cantor and Barbara Wilson report that many children trace their fears about life to _______________. "As children begin to understand the differences between fantasy and reality, the news becomes more frightening," they say. "Their reactions of fright are amplified by the fact that children, much more than adults, are likely to believe what they see on the television news."

(a) nightmares

(b) TV cartoons

(c) fantasies

(d) television news

7.

In 1992, California passed a law requiring motorcyclists to wear helmets. The following year, the number of motorcycle deaths in the stats dropped 38 percent, from 527 to 327. According to the Office of Traffic Safety, the decline in deaths was "more dramatic than we've ever seen before." At the time, many people argued against the new law, saying there were already too many laws limiting a person's behavior. Clearly, however, this law requiring helmets to be worn has helped ____________.

(a) prohibit dangerous motorcycle races

(b) reduce laws restricting our lives

(c) support these arguments

(d) save many lives

8.

For 15 years, Regina Jennings mopped floors and dusted classrooms at West Virginia University, earning $10,000 per year as a custodian. So it came as a complete surprise to school officials when she recently donated $93,000 to the law school. John Fisher, dean of the College of Law, said, "Not only was her gift unexpected, it was incredibly _____________."

(a) anticipated

(b) prodigious

(c) meager

(d) benevolent

9.

"Overeaters Anonymous" is a fellowship of individuals who, through shared experience and mutual support, are recovering from compulsive overeating. We welcome everyone who wants to stop eating compulsively. There are no dues or fee for members; we are self-supporting through our own contributions, neither soliciting nor accepting outside donations. OA is not affiliated with any public or private organization, political movement, ideology or religious doctrine; we take no position on outside issues. Our primary purpose is to ______________ and to carry this message of recovery to those who still suffer.

(a) support political organizations

(b) abstain from compulsive overeating

(c) publicize our ideology

(d) help overeaters fell good about themselves

10.

There are four main ways businesses try to influence the government. One way is for company managers to develop personal contacts with government leaders. Then, too, many large companies employ public relations firms to improve their image with government officials and the general public. Some businesses also employ lobbyists, who work to influence important people in government. Finally, most large organizations contribute money to political campaigns in the hopes that the government will remember and ____________________.

(a) return the favor

(b) improve their policies

(c) influence powerful companies

(d) support promising businesses

11.

In the last 19th century, defenders of business eagerly embraced the doctrine of Social Darwinism, which loosely adapted Charles Darwin's theory of "the origin of species" to the principles of "laissez-faire." Human society had evolved naturally, the Social Darwinists reasoned, and any interference with existing institutions would only hold back progress and aid the weak, In a free society operating according to the principle of survival of the fittest, power would flow naturally to ___________. Property holding and acquisition were therefore sacred rights, and wealth was a mark of well-deserved power and responsibility.

(a) the most progressive

(b) the most capable

(c) the most greedy

(d) the most reasonable

12.

A survey of schools in Scotland found 743 incidents of violence against teachers in 1997-98. These incidents usually involved a pupil, but in some cases the aggressor was a parent. In response to the findings of the survey, Education Minister, Helen Liddell, has promised action to protect school staff members, including extra training in how to manage ____________ pupils.

(a) settled

(b) disruptive

(c) introspective

(d) illiterate

13.

A study at one prison showed that owning a pet can change a hardened prison inmate into a more caring person. Another study discovered that senior citizens, both those living alone and those in nursing homes. become more interested in life when they are given pets to care for. Even emotionally disturbed children have been observed to smile and react with interest if there is a cuddly kitten or puppy to hold. Animals, then can be ___________ for all kinds of individuals.

(a) the object of empathy

(b) lifetime company

(c) substitutes for friends

(d) a means of therapy

14.

Because reaching adulthood is a significant moment in a young person's life, many cutures mark the event in a ceremonial way. Jewish 13-year0olds are welcomed into the adult community through a Shone Indian girl enters her teens, she is isolated and kept very busy so that she will become an industrious woman. And some ceremonies involve a painful coming-of-age rite. A boy of the Andaman Islands is welcomed to manhood by having sixty or more cuts made on his back with a sharpened arrowhead.

Q. Which of the following is the topic of the above passage?

(a) The difficulties and pains of reaching adulthood

(b) Coming-of-age ceremonies in various cultures

(c) The meaning of rites in primitive communities

(d) Ceremonies as a link between teenagers and adults

15.

The first American union to successfully unite skilled and unskilled workers was the National Labor Union (NLU). William Sylvis, a former head of the iron-molders union in Philadelphia, founded the NLU in 1866. Sylvis was a strong leader who claimed to hold the union "more dear than I do my family or my life." Within five years, the NLU boasted a membership of 600,000. That membership included all kinds of workers, from industrial laborers to vegetable farmers. Instead of strikes, the NLU urged workers to become more independent by forming cooperatives - businesses owned and run by workers.

Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?

(a) The NLU was the first successful union founded in Philadelphia.

(b) William Sylvis was in the iron-molders union after 1866.

(c) Around 1870, sixty thousand workers belonged to the NLU.

(d) There were all kinds of workers including farmers in the NLU.

16.

In the years following World War Ⅰ, Black America became the focus of a literary and artistic explosion. Poets like Claude Mckay and Langston Hughes gave voice to the African-American experience. Their poems were widely read and discussed. White Americans willingly paid to hear jazz music that could be found only in black communities. Black magazines like " The Crisis" and " Opportunity" encouraged African-American writers. It was also during this period that museums began exhibiting African art. As a result, artists from all over the world began imitating African sculpture and painting.

Q. Which of the following is the best title of the above passage?

(a) Leading Modern African-American Artists in America

(b) The Eminence of african-American Poetry and Music

(c) The Worldwide Spread of African Literature

(d) An Outburst of African-American Literature and Art

17.

The cold, cratered surface of the moon does not look too inviting. But last week it began to seem a little less bleak. Scientists announced that the moon might be home to a giant field of dirty ice. The possibility that water exists on the moon increases the chances that humans could someday live there or use the moon as a space base. The patch of ice was found in a deep, dark crater. The hole is 1,500 miles wide and eight miles deep - deep enough to fit one and a half Mount Everests! The scientists suggest that someday settlers could break the water down into oxygen and hydrogen and turn them into rocket fuel and air.

Q. Which of the following is the main idea of the passage?

(a) It took much time and money to detect the ice layer in the moon crater.

(b) To exploit ice on the moon, new technology needs to be developed.

(c) Ice found on the moon may make it possible for humans to live there.

(d) It won't be long before settlers will travel to the moon by space shuttle.

18.

This year in the United States, an estimated 564,800 Americans are expected to die of cancer, while an expected 1,228,600 new cancer cases will be diagnosed. It's second only to heart disease as a leading cause of death in this country. But the good news is that cancer is no longer the automatic death sentence it once was. A full 8 million cancer patients are alive today - some cured, some still in treatment - due to recent breakthroughs in cancer detection and exciting new treatments.

Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?

(a) Recently the number of people dying of cancer has risen drastically.

(b) In America the number one cause of death is cancer.

(c) Many scientists' efforts to cure cancer have born little actual fruit.

(d) Cancer has been regarded as a death sentence until recently.

19.

MSG (monosodium glutamate) is a flavor enhancer found in many prepared foods. Scientists are not sure exactly how MSG works, but they suspect that it somehow increases the number of nerve impulses that allow us to taste things. Several years ago, public pressure blocked manufacturers from using MSG in baby foods. Studies had shown that large amounts of MSG destroy brain cells in mice. After eating large amounts of MSG, some people get a burning sensation in the neck and forearms, tightness in the chest, and a headache.

Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(a) There has been no scientific research proving the noxiousness of MSG.

(b) MSG is a kind of chemical produced in our body to taste things.

(c) A small amount of MSG has no influence on humans.

(d) MSG can be harmful to us when taken in large amounts.

20.

Environmentalists in Thailand are rising up against plantation owners who cut down indigenous trees to plant rapid growing eucalyptus. The environmentalists are especially upset because the eucalyptus is a water-hungry tree that kills the surrounding undergrowth which protects small animals and provides shade and moisture needed by edible plants to grow. Plantation owners, as well as paper makers, say that the plantations create jobs and help to develop the local economy. This is true to some extent, but the negative factors far outweigh the positive ones.

Q. Which of the following is the reason for the conflict in Thailand?

(a) The plantation owners' exploitation of workers

(b) The destruction of the ecosystem by plantation owners

(c) The government's unreasonable plan for local development

(d) The illegal export of indigenous trees by smugglers

21.

The people of El Garbo, a fishing village in Spain, are protesting about poor safety regulations at the local nuclear power station. There had been a 40 percent increase in the cases of cancer in the area since the power station was opened fifteen years ago. Doctors fear that the significant increase in the number of cancer cases is related to the practice of dumping nuclear waste in the sea off the coast near El Garbo. Government health officials deny this, saying that the level of radioactivity in the sea is 'below the established EEC danger level,' but the people of El Garbo are demanding a government inquiry into the matter.

Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?

(a) Since the nuclear power station opened, 40% of El Garbo's citizens have gotten cancer.

(b) Nuclear waste from the power station is thrown into the ocean near El Garbo.

(c) The level of radioactivity in the sea already exceeds the established danger level.

(d) The government is planning to reinforce safety regulations at the nuclear power station.

22.

There are a number of different theories about the function of sleep. People deprived of sleep show some relatively minor physiological symptoms including hand tremors, double vision, and lowered pain threshold. Sleep loss especially affects the ability to do complex or difficult tasks. People totally deprived of sleep are apt to become confused and irritable although their personality is likely to remain basically unchanged. People awakened during REM (rapid eye movement) sleep become anxious and irritable and have trouble concentrating. They "catch up" on REM sleep when they are allowed to sleep uninterrupted.

Q. Which of the following best summarizes the above passage?

(a) Depriving people of sleep can cause various physical and emotional disorders.

(b) Sleep loss, in fact, has no harmful effects on our health.

(c) REM sleep is the deepest and longest of all the stages of sleep.

(d) The symptoms caused by sleep loss are temporary and can be easily healed.

23.

Cloning offers tremendous benefits in animal husbandry. The current methods of breeding elite livestock involve artificial insemination of an animal with elite semen and embryo transfer. However, artificial insemination only provides half of the desired elite genes. Cloning would provide reproduction of the entire genome of an elite species, producing premium animals. In the future, farmers may receive cloned embryos that are guaranteed for performance. Also, mammalian-cloning research would allow genetic manipulation to produce animals that are disease resistant. Clones of such animals would produce herds of far-superior livestock.

Q. Which of the following is true according to the article?

(a) Cloned animals have twice as many genomes as artificially inseminated ones.

(b) By manipulating genes, animals can birth to many more offspring.

(c) In the future, farmers may get superior livestock from cloned embryos.

(d) Immunity against diseases is one trait which cannot be cloned.

24.

Korean artist Nam June Paik is one of the pioneers of video art. His work, Fin de Siecle Ⅱ(End of the 20th Century) is a huge video installation made up of over 200 television sets. Controlled by hidden computers, the images and soundtrack coming from the sets include a man and a woman dancing, a skeletal character, and many other barely recognizable but eye-catching fragments. It seems likely that the overall lack of story or message is intentional. All the work conveys is the overwhelming nature of modern communications technology and perhaps this is Paik's point.

Q. Which if the following is true according to the article?

(a) The images in Fin de Siecle Ⅱ show the nature of human beings.

(b) Fin de Siecle Ⅱ is the first work by Paik which made him the center of public attention.

(c) Fin de Siecle Ⅱ's lack of a clear message reveals the nature of modern communications technology.

(d) According to Paik, modern communications technology will lead our world into self-destruction.

25.

We were all raised to think that "real men" don't cry and that men who do are wimps or weaklings who can't be depended upon when life gets tough. Implicit in this belief system is the assumption that men are hard-wired from birth to cry less than women. But studies of infants have shown the opposite to be true boys into thinking that crying is unmanly. Early on parents, teachers and schoolyard friend echo the message, "big boys don't cry."

Q. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?

(a) In general, female babies cry more than male babies.

(b) Manhood is the result of social education.

(c) Shaming boys to stop their crying may harm them psychologically.

(d) Men who cry much are apt to be less dependable.

26.

Children love cartoons. They can sit watching them for hours. And with today's cable cartoon channels, television offers one cartoon program after another, twenty-four hours a day, seven days a week. However, many of those television programs communicate a disturbing message: they suggest that the world is one big battlefield. In cartoon after cartoon, people and animals shoot, bomb, and blow of violence in our society today, this is a dangerous message to be giving children.

Q. Which of the following is the best title of the above passage?

(a) The world described by Cartoons

(b) Serious Problems Raised by Television Programs

(c) The Reason Children Love Cartoons

(d) Cartoons - Dangerous Messages to Children

27.

Terrorists in the years ahead will become less politically motivated and more attuned to religious, fanatical zealotry. Less concerned than ever about international repercussions, they will seek ways to reap mass casualties on an unprepared public. Peter Probst, a specialist on international terrorism, says political terrorism is declining, supplanted by religiously motivated terrorist acts - and the change spells trouble. In contrast to their politically motivated counterparts, terrorist groups inspired by religious ideology exhibit few self-impossed restraints. They actively seek to maximizs the carnage, believing that only by annihilating their enemy may they fulfill the dictates of their guru or god.

Q. According to the passage, how are religious terrorists different from political ones?

(a) International public opinion concerns them greatly.

(b) Their guru imposes strict restraints on their terror.

(c) They strive to kill the utmost number of their enemies.

(d) Due to their religion they seldom attack the general public.

28.

The superego has two aspects which respond to "good and bad" deeds; rewards and punishments. (a) The positive aspect of the superego approves of unselfish acts that accord with the highest moral principles; this aspect is sometimes called the ego ideal. (b) The ego is concerned only with what the person can do, but the id is involved with what the person wants. (c) If we rescue a pig caught in the mud, even though we are in nice clothes, we experience a burst of personal pride. (d) It is the superego rewarding the ego, according to Freud.

29.

The Aral Sea, once the world's fourth largest lake, now ranks only sixth. (a) Since 1960 the Amu and Syr rivers which flow into the lake have had so much of their water diverted for agriculture that not enough remains to counteract evaporation from the lake surface. (b) When used correctly, irrigation is extremely effective in increasing agricultural productivity. (c) As a result, water levels have fallen and salinity increased. (d) At present rates of inflow, the Aral will continue to shrink and by the year 2000 will be reduced to two-thirds of even its present size.

30.

An allergy is what happens when your body detects a foreign substance that it doesn't like. (a) There is a lot you can do to minimize the misery your allergy brings to your life. (b) Your nose plugs up and starts dripping, your eyes itch and run, you lungs burn and wheeze. (c) Allergies come in an almost infinite variety, but most fit into three basic categories: contact, food, or inhalant allergies (allergies we experience in response to material we breathe in the air.) (d) The four biggest airborne troublemakers are house dust, pollen, pet hair, and mold.

take 23 answer

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