1번부터 17번까지는 듣고 답하는 문제입니다. 1번부터 15번까지는 한 번만 들려주고, 16번부터 17번까지는 두 번 들려줍니다. 방송을 잘 듣고 답을 하시기 바랍니다.

2014학년도 3월 고3 전국연합학력평가 문제지

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8

1. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

①　I know. It’s not easy to make good spaghetti.

②　Exactly. I’ll do something to reduce food waste.

③　Yes. Making a shopping list helps to save money.

④　Not at all. I’m pretty sure it won’t last for a week.

⑤　You’re right. We should have family meals more often.

2. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① Okay. I’ll help you find an interesting topic.

② I’m glad that you came to my art presentation.

③ You’ll learn a lot about art through the presentation.

④ Don’t worry. Your presentation was not boring at all.

⑤ I have no idea why the presentation schedule was changed.

3. 다음을 듣고, 남자가 하는 말의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

① 새로운 헬스 기구의 사용법을 설명하려고

② 교내 헬스장에서 지켜야 할 예절을 강조하려고

③ 체력 증진을 위한 교내 헬스장 이용을 독려하려고

④ 헬스장 이용 시 준비 운동을 할 것을 당부하려고

⑤ 교내 헬스장 보수 공사 일정을 공지하려고

4. 다음을 듣고, 여자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

①　휴대용 컴퓨터의 손상 방지책

②　휴대용 컴퓨터 보안 관리의 필요성

③　휴대용 컴퓨터의 주변 기기 관리 요령

④　휴대용 컴퓨터 사용 증가로 인한 문제점

⑤　휴대용 컴퓨터 종류에 따른 용도와 특징

5. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 의견으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

①　학교 도서관의 시설 확충이 시급하다.

②　학생들의 도서관 이용을 장려해야 한다.

③　학교 도서관에 최신 도서를 구비해야 한다.

④　다양한 분야의 책을 균형 있게 읽어야 한다.

⑤　올바른 정보 습득을 위한 교육을 강화해야 한다.

6. 대화를 듣고, 두 사람의 관계를 가장 잘 나타낸 것을 고르시오.

① 학생 - 미술 교사	② 미술 치료사 - 학부모

③ 기자 - 미술 평론가	④ 미술 용품점 주인 - 화가

⑤ 관람객 - 미술관 직원

7. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 해야 할 일로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

①　샘플 상품 요청하기	②　계약 조건 확인하기

③　시장 수요 조사하기	④　출장 일정 점검하기

⑤　출장 보고서 작성하기

8. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 이사 가려는 이유를 고르시오.

①　직장을 옮겨서	②　침실이 더 많이 필요해서

③　주차 공간이 협소해서	④　난방비가 많이 나와서

⑤　자녀의 통학 거리가 멀어서

9. 대화를 듣고, 그림에서 대화의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오.

①

②

③

④

⑤

10. 대화를 듣고, 여자가 지불할 금액을 고르시오. [3점]

① $800	② $950	③ $1,300	④ $1,450	⑤ $2,150

11. 다음 표를 보면서 대화를 듣고, 두 사람이 선택한 프로그램을 고르시오.

	White Beach Aquarium: Daily Programs
	Programs	Time	Age Limits	Price
①	Penguin Feedings	2:30 p.m.	None	$20
②	Meet the Dolphins	10:45 a.m.	7 and up	$75
③	Sea Life Safari	2:30 p.m.	7 and up	$75
④	Diving Class	10:45 a.m.	13 and up	$50
⑤	Fun with Fur Seals	3:15 p.m.	13 and up	$30

12. 2014 Photography Seminar에 관한 다음 내용을 듣고, 일치하지 않는 것을 고르시오. [3점]

① 6월 1일부터 6일 동안 열리는 행사이다.

② 100명이 넘는 강사가 다양한 전문 분야를 다룰 예정이다.

③ 최신 사진 장비에 대한 설명이 있을 것이다.

④ 전화와 이메일을 통해 예약이 가능하다.

⑤ 사진 전공 학생에게는 할인 혜택이 주어진다.

13. 대화를 듣고, 여자의 마지막 말에 대한 남자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Man:

①　No thanks. We have cancelled the bazaar.

②　Yes, the bazaar was successful thanks to you.

③　Sorry, but I’m too busy to volunteer at the bazaar.

④　Please help me become the director of the school bazaar.

⑤　It’ll be nice of you to ask other teachers for participation.

14. 대화를 듣고, 남자의 마지막 말에 대한 여자의 응답으로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오. [3점]

Woman:

①　I’m sorry to hear you have so much stress.

②　It must be difficult to work as an office worker.

③　It’s impressive that you keep challenging yourself.

④　I don’t know why you want to start a new business.

⑤　You need to spend less money at a fancy restaurant.

15. 다음 상황 설명을 듣고, Benny가 운전자에게 할 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

Benny: Excuse me.

① I’m looking for the entrance to the mall.

②　I’ve been waiting to take this parking space.

③ Please help me carry this grocery to my car.

④ You should turn off your blinkers after parking.

⑤ I’m afraid there’s something wrong with your tire.

[16 ~ 17] 다음을 듣고, 물음에 답하시오.

16. 남자가 하는 말의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

①　factors causing movie mistakes

②　expansion of the movie industry

③　using movies for learning history

④　strategies for casting good actors

⑤　history of commercial film-making

17. 영화 제작과 관련하여 언급되지 않은 것은?

① 예산	② 촬영지	③ 의상

④ 특수 효과	⑤ 소품

이제 듣기ㆍ말하기 문제가 끝났습니다. 18번부터는 문제지의 지시에 따라 답을 하시기 바랍니다.

18. 다음 글의 목적으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Dear C&G Waste Services,

Westwood High School is currently establishing a paper recycling program. With the help of students and staff, we aim to significantly reduce the amount of paper that goes into the trash by recycling paper. We currently have a dumpster that will hold the paper recycling, but we need containers for individual classrooms to meet our goal. We would like to request 20 containers. We also need 2,000 clear trash bags in order to allow students and staff to get the paper to the recycle dumpster. So, we are asking your company if it will donate these items so that we may succeed in conserving our natural resources. Please contact me if you have any questions. We look forward to establishing a partnership with C&G Waste Services. We know that these types of partnerships help us give back to the community and enhance actions our students can take towards helping the environment.

Sincerely,

Anna Wilson

① 빈번한 쓰레기 미수거에 대해 항의하려고

② 구입한 물품의 배송 지연에 대해 문의하려고

③ 재활용 쓰레기 수거 일정의 변경을 요청하려고

④ 지역 환경 보호 운동을 선도한 것에 대해 감사하려고

⑤ 종이 재활용 프로그램 운영에 필요한 물품 기부를 부탁하려고

19. 밑줄 친 부분이 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

Mr. Aryeh noticed a young boy coming to school in old worn-out shoes. Clearly ① he needed a new pair, but Mr. Aryeh also knew that the boy’s father, a proud man, would be humiliated and offended if ② his son were treated as a charity case and given a pair. How does a person with moral imagination provide a boy with shoes, while not paining his father’s soul? During a morning recess break, Mr. Aryeh called the boy to his office because, he said, he needed to test ③ him on his English proficiency. He asked the boy several questions, well within the youth’s grasp. “Wonderful!” Mr. Aryeh said when the boy answered correctly. He gave ④ the youngster two notes: one to be brought to a local shoemaker, with instructions to give the boy a good pair of shoes, for which Mr. Aryeh would pay; the second, a note to the boy’s father telling ⑤ him about the “prize” his son had won.

20. 다음 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Most people get trapped in their optimistic biases, so they tend to listen to positive feedback and ignore negative feedback. Although this may help them come across as confident to others, in any area of competence (e.g., education, business, sports or performing arts) achievement is 10% performance and 90% preparation. Thus, the more aware you are of your weaknesses, the better prepared you will be. Low self-confidence may turn you into a pessimist, but when pessimism teams up with ambition it often produces outstanding performance. To be the very best at anything, you will need to be your harshest critic, and that is almost impossible when your starting point is high self-confidence. Exceptional achievers always experience low levels of confidence and self-confidence, but they train hard and practice continually until they reach an acceptable level of competence.

① Never Reveal Your Weaknesses

② Negative Comments Are Harmful

③ The Risk of Ambition Without Effort

④ The Less Confident Are More Successful

⑤ High Self-Confidence Leads to Better Achievement

21. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

A painter I know can’t do anything in her studio without rock’n’roll pounding out of the speakers. Turning it on turns on a switch inside her. The beat gets her going. It’s the metronome for her creative life. A writer friend can only write outside. He can’t stand the thought of being tied indoors to his word processor while a “great day” is unfolding outside. So he carries his coffee mug out to work in the warmth of an open porch in his backyard. Mystically, he now believes he is missing nothing. In the end, there is no one ideal condition for creativity. What works for one person is useless for another. The only criterion is this: Make it easy on yourself. Find a working environment where the prospect of wrestling with your muse doesn’t scare you, doesn’t shut you down. It should make you want to be there, and once you find it, stick with it.

* muse: (예술적) 영감을 주는 신

① 집중적인 노력은 창의력 향상의 바탕이 된다.

② 음악 감상을 통해 창조적 영감을 얻을 수 있다.

③ 창작 활동을 위해 일과 휴식의 균형이 필요하다.

④ 창조적 활동을 위한 각자에게 맞는 작업 환경이 있다.

⑤ 창조적 영감은 예상치 않은 순간에 떠오르기도 한다.

22. 다음 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Our essentially subtropical body isn’t well suited to life in the Arctic because we don’t have the fur of polar bears or the thick, insulating fat of sea mammals. But we can make fur clothing, shelters to contain warmth, and weapons with which to hunt and defend ourselves. These items are good examples of cultural adaptation, which show how culture is used to survive the natural world. Keep in mind, though, that people must also survive the cultural world they inhabit, and that is just as important. For example, if you don’t greet your neighbors the right way, you may cause bad feelings; in the same way, your grandfather may not appreciate your elaborate, back-slapping handshake the way your buddy does. So although culture does help you survive the natural world, it also tells you how to survive the cultural world of social interactions.

① ways to improve biological adaptation

② the use of culture for human survival

③ genetic factors to reduce human adaptability

④ the influence of instruction on human survival

⑤ the role of communication in social interactions

23. (A), (B), (C)의 각 네모 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

When discussing the animal kingdom, each creature belongs to a species scale of generalists to specialists. Specialist creatures like the koala bear can only survive on an extremely (A)  set of conditions: diet (eucalyptus), climate (warm), environment (trees). Generalists, on the other hand (think mice), are able to survive just about anywhere. They can (B)  heat and cold, eat your organic breakfast cereal or seeds and berries in the wild. So, specialist species thrive only when conditions are perfect. They serve a very specific purpose within their particular ecosystem and are good at navigating it. However, should those conditions change — as a result of nature or, more commonly, an outside force — specialist species often become (C) . In contrast, mice can move from spot to spot on the globe, adapt to different cultures, diets and weather systems. And most importantly, they stay alive.

limited / variable

dread / withstand

extinct / widespread

(A)	(B)	(C)

①	limited	dread	extinct

②	limited	withstand	widespread

③	limited	withstand	extinct

④	variable	withstand	widespread

⑤	variable	dread	widespread

24. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은? [3점]

In the 1970s, when schools began allowing students to use portable calculators, many parents ① objected. They worried that a reliance on the machines would weaken their children’s grasp of mathematical concepts. The fears, subsequent studies showed, were largely ② unneeded. No longer forced to spend a lot of time on routine calculations, many students gained a deeper understanding of the principles underlying their exercises. Today, the story of the calculator is often used to support the argument that our growing dependence on online databases is ③ disadvantageous. In freeing us from the work of remembering, it’s said, the Web allows us to devote more time to creative thought. The pocket calculator ④ relieved the pressure on our working memory, letting us use that critical short-term store for more abstract reasoning. The calculator, a powerful but highly specialized tool, turned out to be an ⑤ aid to our working memory.

25. 다음 글의 밑줄 친 부분 중, 어법상 틀린 것은? [3점]

I remember one of the smartest I.T. executives ① for whom I ever worked strongly resisting the movement to measure programmer productivity that was popular at the time. He was fond of saying that the biggest problem with managing computer programmers is that you can never tell ② whether they are working by looking at them. Picture two programmers working side by side. One is leaning back in his chair with his eyes ③ closed and his feet on the desk. The other is working hard, typing code into his computer. The one with his feet up could be thinking, and the other one may be too busy typing ④ to give it enough thought. In the end, the busy typist could well produce ten times as many lines of code as the thinker, which contain twice as many new problems as the thinker’s. Unfortunately, most of the productivity measurement schemes I have encountered ⑤ measuring effort or apparent activity. They would reward him and punish his thoughtful neighbor.

26. San Miniato에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

San Miniato is a town of about 26,000 that sits atop three hills in the Arno river valley in Tuscany, Italy. The town’s history is deeply rooted in its function as an important stop along the trading route between France and Italy. To protect its historic building character, the city has set detailed criteria for the installation of signs, plaques, and posters and has revised its street signs. To protect views of the town and to limit visual intrusions, the city has made strict regulations about the construction of cell phone towers. To accommodate visitors and tourists and not intrude on the urban layout and design, the town has built an underground parking lot with an elevator to the city center.

① Arno강 유역의 구릉지에 위치한다.

② 프랑스와 이탈리아의 교역로에 위치한 중요한 기착지였다.

③ 건물의 역사성 보존을 위해 간판 설치의 세부 기준을 정했다.

④ 도시 미관을 위해 이동 전화 송신탑 설치에 관한 엄격한 규정을 마련했다.

⑤ 도심에 지하 주차장을 건설하려는 계획을 취소했다.

27. 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

They have not, however, always been considered places of beauty.

Forests have always had a role in human society. ( ① ) They have been a source of building timber and firewood, of wild game and foods like mushrooms. ( ② ) During the Middle Ages, especially in parts of Northern Europe, they developed a reputation for being places of darkness and fear, the home of evil spirits and wild beasts. ( ③ ) In Germany you might have been attacked by werewolves or a semi-human Wild Man, a kind of ogre covered with coarse hair who ate children. ( ④ ) Anglo-Saxon folk tales, such as the eighth-century Beowulf, frequently set the action in scary forests, a legacy inherited by the stories of Tolkien, in which friendly hobbits are extremely frightened at the thought of having to pass through the haunted Fangorn Forest. ( ⑤ ) Out of this medieval vision comes our word ‘savage’, derived from silva, meaning a wood.

28. 다음 글에서 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

Fascinated by how easily fish slip through water, scientists and sportswear designers alike have examined fish skins at the molecular level to determine why they have less friction than humans. ① Researchers were surprised to discover that shark skin, which is rough enough to be used as sandpaper when dried, is one of the animal skins with the least friction. ② Shark skin is covered by small, V-shaped bumps, made from the same material as the sharks’ teeth. ③ Shark fin is also incorrectly perceived by some as having high nutritional value, as well as cancer-fighting abilities. ④ The rough surface actually reduces drag as the shark glides through the ocean, because the bumps efficiently channel the water away from the surface. ⑤ Copied in fabric form, a shark skin-like system woven into a textile’s structure gives the fabric a hydrodynamic advantage.

* hydrodynamic: 유체 역학의

29. 다음 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

The Trend of Blood Donation in Korea: 2005 - 2009

The graph above shows the trend of blood donation in Korea from 2005 to 2009, in terms of the number of blood donors and blood donation rates. ① The blood donation rate was 5.3% in 2009, which was the highest during the given period. ② The blood donation rate was the same both in 2005 and in 2006, and it showed constant increase afterward. ③ The number of group blood donors was the highest in 2005, and the number of individual blood donors was the highest in 2009. ④ The year 2005 was the only year when the number of group blood donors was larger than that of individual blood donors. ⑤ The difference between the number of group donors and that of individual donors was the largest in 2009.

30. 주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

Gabe Gabrielson has a nine-year-old son named Colin. Like many nine-year-olds, Colin frequently finds himself in disagreement with parental policies.

(A) After a few debates that left both of them feeling frustrated, Gabe decided to change strategy, and announced, “Okay, Colin, we’ll try it your way for three days. But if you’re late for school any of those days, then we go back to the old system.”

(B) For example, he protested Gabe’s policy that he get fully dressed before coming down to breakfast. Gabe didn’t particularly care what Colin wore at the breakfast table, but he worried that if Colin didn’t dress first, he’d wind up late for school. “But I’m more comfortable in my pajamas!” Colin argued.

(C) Colin, amazed by the change in response, aced the trial run. He wore his pajamas and stayed punctual. As a result, the new practice stuck, and both sides are happier with the outcome.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

31. Bikes4Hope Support Night에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

BIKES4HOPE SUPPORT NIGHT

Bikes4Hope is a non-profit organization dedicated to sending bicycles to the children in remote villages in Africa by collecting unwanted and old bicycles. You’re invited to our fundraising event.

DATE & TIME

• Thursday March 27th, 2014; 7 p.m. - 11 p.m.

PERFORMERS

• Musicians: Eli John, Brett Wilson, Green Smith

• Magicians: Fun Brothers, Risky Button, Flying People

TICKETS

• Pre-sale at www.bikes4hope.org: $20

• On the door on the night: $25

• Children accompanied by an adult: Free

Thanks for your support and we truly hope to see you on Thursday night!

① 아프리카로 자전거를 보내기 위한 기금 마련 행사이다.

② 3월 27일에 4시간 동안 진행된다.

③ 음악 공연과 마술 공연이 있다.

④ 입장권은 당일 현장에서만 판매한다.

⑤ 어른을 동반한 어린이는 무료로 입장한다.

32. 다음 글에 드러난 Hogan의 심경으로 가장 적절한 것은?

Hogan had already been walking for hours along the sand track. He had drunk the last remaining drop of water an hour before. His feet came down regularly one in front of the other, sending up little clouds of dust. The dunes stretched as far as the eye could see, motionless, on either side of the track. Nothing was left but the dazzling sand with its millions of tiny broken grains, and dry stones that crumbled away in layers. No trucks passed. No aircraft ever appeared in the immense sky. The nothingness was so great that it could not even be called solitude any longer. It was like floating on the ocean, thousands of miles from land, while tiny waves sweep forward in ripples.

① satisfied and grateful	② relaxed and refreshed

③ hopeless and abandoned	④ excited and anticipating

⑤ ashamed and embarrassed

[33 ~ 37] 다음 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

33. Languages evolve differences because different groups of people independently develop different words and different pronunciations over the course of time. But the question remains why those diverged languages don’t merge again when formerly separated people spread out and re-contact each other at speech boundaries. For instance, at the modern boundary between Germany and Poland, there are Polish villages near German villages, but the villagers still speak a local variety of either German or of Polish, rather than a mix of German and Polish. Why is that so? Probably the main disadvantage of speaking a mixed language involves a basic function of human language: as soon as you start to speak to someone else, your language serves as an instantly recognizable badge of your                       . It’s much easier for wartime spies to wear the enemy’s uniform than to imitate convincingly the enemy’s language and pronunciation. People who speak your language are your people, whereas someone speaking a different language is apt to be regarded as a potentially dangerous stranger.

① artistic taste

② group identity

③ intellectual power

④ personal character

⑤ educational background

34. Our craving for                       is illustrated by a study of religious Israeli women, carried out by anthropologists Richard Sosis and W. Penn Handwerker. During the 2006 Lebanon War the town of Tzfat and its environs in the Galilee region of northern Israel were hit by dozens of rockets daily. Although siren warnings alerted Tzfat residents to protect their own lives by taking refuge in bomb shelters, they could do nothing to protect their houses. Realistically, that threat from the rockets was unpredictable and uncontrollable. Nevertheless, about two-thirds of the women interviewed by Sosis and Handwerker recited psalms every day to cope with the stress of the rocket attacks. When they were asked why they did so, a common reply was that they felt compelled “to do something” as opposed to doing nothing at all. Although reciting psalms does not actually deflect rockets, it did provide the women with a sense of control as they took action in their own way.                * deflect: 빗나가게 하다

① knowledge of the future

② relief from feeling helpless

③ exploring the unknown world

④ being accepted by our peers

⑤ freedom from social conventions

35. Risk management professionals look in the past for information on the so-called worst-case scenario and use it to estimate future risks ― this method is called “stress testing.” They take the worst historical recession, the worst war, or the worst point in unemployment as an exact estimate for the worst future outcome. But they never notice the following inconsistency: this so-called worst-case event, when it happened, exceeded the worst case at the time. I have called this mental defect the Lucretius problem, after the Latin poetic philosopher who wrote that the fool believes that the tallest mountain in the world will be equal to the tallest one he has observed. The same can be seen in the Fukushima nuclear reactor, which experienced a huge failure in 2011 when a tsunami struck. It had been built to endure the worst past historical earthquake, with the builders not imagining much worse — and not thinking that the worst past event had to be a surprise, as it                                . [3점]

① had no precedent

② matched their prediction

③ led to better preparation

④ repeated itself over time

⑤ came earlier than expected

36. Think of how you developed your style of using the brakes on your car. As you were mastering the skill of taking curves, you gradually learned when to let go of the accelerator and when and how hard to use the brakes. Curves differ, and the variability you experienced while learning ensures that you are now ready to brake at the right time and strength for any curve you encounter. The conditions for learning this skill are ideal, because you receive immediate and unambiguous feedback every time you go around a bend: the mild reward of a comfortable turn or the mild punishment of some difficulty in handling the car if you brake either too hard or not quite hard enough. The situations that face a harbor pilot maneuvering large ships are no less regular, but skill is much more difficult to acquire by sheer experience because of the long delay between actions and their noticeable outcomes. Whether professionals have a chance to develop intuitive expertise depends essentially on                              , as well as on sufficient opportunity to practice. [3점]

① the ability to control emotions

② the assistance from instructors

③ the discovery of hidden talents

④ the desire to beat the opponents

⑤ the quality and speed of feedback

37. The tight bonds we form with our tools go both ways. Even as our technologies become extensions of ourselves, we become extensions of our technologies. When the carpenter takes his hammer into his hand, he can use that hand to do only what a hammer can do. The hand becomes an implement for pounding and pulling nails. When the soldier puts the binoculars to his eyes, he can see only what the lenses allow him to see. His field of view lengthens, but he becomes blind to what’s nearby. Nietzsche’s experience with his typewriter provides a particularly good illustration of the way __________________. Not only did the philosopher come to imagine that his typewriter was “a thing like me”; he also sensed that he was becoming a thing like it, that his typewriter was shaping his thoughts. [3점]

① technologies exert their influence on us

② tools are refined and developed

③ we overcome our weaknesses

④ one invention builds on another

⑤ we put our passion into meaningful purposes

[38 ~ 39] 다음 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것을 고르시오.

38. Indeed, confusing people a little bit is beneficial ― it is good for you and good for them. For example, imagine someone extremely punctual who comes home at exactly six o’clock every day for fifteen years. You can use his arrival to set your watch. The fellow will cause his family anxiety if he is barely a few minutes late. Someone with a slightly more    (A)    schedule, with, say, a half-hour variation, won’t do so. For similar reasons, stability is not good for the economy: firms become very weak during long periods of steady success without failure, and hidden vulnerabilities accumulate silently under the surface ― so delaying crises is not a very good idea. Likewise,    (B)    of ‘ups and downs’ in the market causes hidden risks to accumulate quietly. The longer one goes without a market trauma, the worse the damage when a real crisis occurs.

* vulnerability: 취약성

(A)	(B)

①	restricted	frequency

②	unpredictable	expectation

③	unpredictable	absence

④	consistent	duration

⑤	consistent	experience

39. My suggestion is to understand and make use of the changes in people’s strengths and weaknesses as they grow older. We can say that useful attributes tending to decrease with age include ambition, desire to compete, physical strength and endurance, and capacity for sustained mental concentration.  useful attributes tending to increase with age include experience of one’s field, understanding of people and relationships, and ability to help other people without one’s own ego getting in the way. These shifts in strengths result in many older workers choosing to devote more of their efforts to supervising, administering, advising, and teaching.  my farmer friends in their 80s spend less time on horseback and on tractors, more time making strategic decisions about the business of farming; my older lawyer friends spend less time in court, more time mentoring younger lawyers.

(A)    ,

(B)    ,

(A)	(B)

①	In other words	For instance

②	In other words	Instead

③	Additionally	In contrast

④	Conversely	In contrast

⑤	Conversely	For instance

40. 다음 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은? [3점]

Plants generate hundreds of compounds that they use to protect themselves from being overconsumed by insects and animals. While some plants use these compounds to reduce all foraging, most plants tolerate, or even enjoy, about an 18 percent foraging rate (10 to 25 percent depending on the plant) before they begin to initiate high levels of protective compounds. Many of the actions of animals when they eat plants (termed “herbivory”) are necessary for both plant and ecosystem health. Herbivory alters the density, composition, and health of plant communities through eating plants, dispersing seeds, and defecation. Some plants produce an initial series of leaves designed to be eaten, and more luxurious growth only occurs once that has happened. For many plants, metabolism and respiration are all stimulated by animal and insect feeding. It is only after foraging rises above a certain level that many plant defensive compounds are produced in quantity or come into play.

* foraging: (동물에 의한) 피식(被食)  ** defecation: 배변

□

Until foraging rate reaches a certain point, many plants tend to    (A)    the production of high-level defensive compounds for the    (B)    that foraging brings to them.

(A)	(B)	(A)	(B)

①	suspend	prosperity	②	suspend	competition

③	extend	prosperity	④	extend	threat

⑤	stimulate	competition

[41 ∼ 43] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

(A)

Allen Sherman, the comic songwriter best known for “Hello Muddah, Hello Faddah” was once in the middle of an intense conversation with his wife when his young son entered to show off a drawing he had just finished. The childish drawing was quickly dismissed by Sherman, who was annoyed at having (a) his conversation interrupted. The boy, hurt by his father’s rejection of the picture, threw it down on the floor, rushed up to his room, and slammed the door.

(B)

The embarrassed boy ran up to (b) his room, slammed the door, and refused to come down to the party. But a little later his mother came up to fetch him. When she brought him downstairs, he saw his grandmother proudly walking around the room with a large bowl filled with a variety of beautiful fruits and, in the middle, the polished football he had brought home. When a guest asked his grandmother to explain what a football was doing in the middle of her fruit bowl, she told (c) him about the gift from her grandson and added, “From a child is beautiful, anything.”

(C)

Sherman took the football home, polished it till it shone, and left it for his grandmother. His mother saw the football first, and became upset with him for leaving his toys around. When (d) he explained that it was for his grandmother’s party, his mother burst into laughter: “A football for the party? Don’t you understand your own grandma? Not a football, fruit bowl. Grandma needs a fruit bowl for the party.”

(D)

The slamming door reminded the now embarrassed Sherman of a door that he had slammed twenty-five years earlier. One morning he had heard his Yiddish-speaking grandmother announce that she needed a “football” for a large party she would be hosting that evening. Although the young Sherman wondered why his grandmother needed a football, he was determined to obtain one for her. He went around his neighborhood and finally found one boy, a bully who punched (e) him in the nose before agreeing to give over his football in exchange for Sherman’s best toys.

* Yiddish: 독일어ㆍ히브리어 등의 혼성 언어

41. 주어진 글 (A)에 이어질 내용을 순서에 맞게 배열한 것으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① (B) - (D) - (C)	② (C) - (B) - (D)

③ (C) - (D) - (B)	④ (D) - (B) - (C)

⑤ (D) - (C) - (B)

42. 밑줄 친 (a)∼(e) 중에서 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

① (a)	② (b)	③ (c)	④ (d)	⑤ (e)

43. 위 글의 Allen Sherman에 관한 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

① 어머니가 부르러 온 후에야 파티에 참석했다.

② 과일 그릇 한가운데 놓여 있는 축구공을 보았다.

③ 할머니에게 드릴 축구공을 깨끗이 닦았다.

④ 축구공을 발견한 어머니로부터 칭찬을 들었다.

⑤ 가장 좋은 장난감들을 주고 축구공을 얻었다.

[44 ∼ 45] 다음 글을 읽고, 물음에 답하시오.

In the mid-1970s some scientists observed employees of two manufacturing plants in the United States. One plant was located in a large metropolitan area, the other in a rural community with a population of three thousand. On average, the employees had worked at their respective plants for twenty years. Sadly, both plants were scheduled to shut down, and all workers were about to lose their jobs.

For months, the men came to work knowing that in only a few weeks they would be unemployed. Anticipating the loss of their workplace was stressful. The anxiety was triggered to a large extent by the uncertainty of what lay ahead. How would they cope with unemployment? Would they find another job?

Scientists who followed these workers found that the employees experienced more days of illness before the plants were shut than during the weeks of unemployment that followed. The anxiety induced by anticipating the loss of their jobs damaged their health and well-being. Ironically, once unemployed, the workers became healthier. It’s because the uncertainty of how life would be without a job was            . Anxiety was reduced, and attention turned to finding a new job, rather than worrying aimlessly about what might be.

44. 위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

① Focus Your Energy on Seizing an Opportunity

② Turn Your Attention to the Unemployed

③ Work Stress: How You Can Beat It

④ Enduring Uncertainty Is a Sign of Maturity

⑤ Anticipating Disaster Is Worse Than Disaster

45. 위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

① removed	② renewed

③ visualized	④ introduced

⑤ underestimated

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