04강 요지 추론

04강 요지 추론

1. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

It has been shown repeatedly that the link between amount of salary and happiness is not as strong as one would expect it to be (in fact, it is rather weak). Studies even find that countries with the “happiest”people are not among those with the highest personal income. Yet we keep pushing toward a higher salary. Much of that can be blamed on sheer envy. As H. L. Mencken, the twentieth-century journalist, social critic, and freethinker noted, a man's satisfaction with his salary depends on (are you ready for this?) whether he makes more than his wife's sister's husband. Why the wife's sister's husband? Because (and I have a feeling that Mencken's wife kept him fully informed of her sister's husband's salary) this is a comparison that is salient and readily available.

① 보수와 행복의 상관관계는 생각보다 높지 않다.

② 사람은 자신과 남의 보수를 비교하고 싶어 한다.

③ 보수가 많은 사람은 시기심 때문에 남들한테 비난을 받는다.

④ 사람은 주변의 아는 사람보다 더 많은 보수를 받고 싶어 한다.

⑤ 더 많은 보수를 받을수록 가족 내에서 더 많은 영향력을 행사 한다.

2. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

We are deeply ambivalent about children. Our attitudes to children are rooted more often in myth rather than in reality. At one moment we see children as innocents and guard them from every real or imagined danger; at the next moment we treat youngsters as monsters from whom society needs protection. Such attitudes serve both children and society badly. Only those with no recollection of the childhood cruelties of the playground or the sports changing room can entertain the illusion that children are unspoiled by the rougher ways of the world. The attempt to protect children from every source of harm or danger will create a generation of young people incapable of looking after themselves. Society needs to be actively concerned with fostering children's capacity to look out for themselves. �

* ambivalent 양면적인

① 아동에 대한 양면성이 부모와 자녀간의 갈등을 초래한다.

② 부모의 언행은 아동의 가치관 형성에 많은 영향을 미친다.

③ 어린 시절의 나쁜 경험은 성년이 되어도 부정적인 영향을 준다.

④ 아동을 안전하게 지키는 것이 건강한 사회 건설의 밑거름이 된다.

⑤ 아동이 세상의 어려움으로 스스로 보호 할 수 있도록 해야 한다.

3. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

The more expert your client is in a given area, the more features (not benefits) that person needs information about to make a decision. Knowledgeable people are going to match your message to what they already have stored in their memory and mind. If you come across as not knowing the actual working details of whatever your idea or proposal is, you lose. If you have quality information, you engage the client and optimize your chances of making the sale. On the other hand, when your client is not an expert in a certain area, less information is generally more likely to be processed more quickly and favorably. In this case, because less is better, you want that message to be very different. You want to share benefits and not features with this client. When the client is not an expert, peripheral cues become crucial.

① 기업가는 틈새시장 개척을 위해 창의성을 갖추어야 한다.

② 해외에 진출 하고자 하는 기업은 문화차이를 고려해야 한다.

③ 판매자의 외모와 몸짓 언어는 고객의 호감에 큰 영향을 끼친다.

④ 제품에 대한 고객의 식견에 따라 제공되는 정보가 달라야 한다.

⑤ 선택의 기회가 많을수록 소비자는 제품의 구입을 주저하기 마련이다.

4. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

It cannot be too often repeated that it is not the so-called blessings of life, its sunshine and calm and pleasant experiences that make men great, but its rugged experiences, its storms, and trials. Early hardship, especially, is often a blessing in disguise. It is the rough Atlantic Ocean, the cold, dark, winter nights, the fierce “"northers,”" that make the British and the American sailors the toughest and most skillful in the world. The training in the school of hardship and sorrow produces the most able pupils, and the hill of difficulty is the best of all exercises for the strengthening of mental backbones. Great men can no more be made without trials than bricks can be made without fire.

* norther 북풍

① 시련은 인간을 강하게 해 준다.

② 누구나 정신적 고통을 겪는다.

③ 자연에서는 강자만이 살아남는다.

④ 생존 경쟁이 점점 더 치열해지고 있다.

⑤ 좋은 기회는 준비된 사람에게만 찾아온다.

5. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

Because our society equates intelligence with school learning, children who have difficulty developing the academically prized capacities are at high risk for feeling “stupid.” Children with reading disabilities, for example, find it difficult to think of themselves as smart. They discount evidence of their intelligence, such as well-developed social skills, clever problem solving in building a soapbox car, or even above-average scores on IQ tests. The mother of one such child told me about an incident that happened when her son Matt was playing at a neighbor's home. The neighbor later commented, in a surprised voice, “Matt's really witty! I mean, I knew he was in the special reading group ...” Her voice trailed off as she realized what she was saying, and Matt's mother, like every parent whose child struggles with academic learning, had to contend with yet another person who felt that such children cannot be intelligent.

① 읽기 능력 향상은 학업 능력 향상의 바탕이 된다.

② 아이들의 능력 차이에 따른 수준별 지도가 필요하다.

③ 아이들의 지능과 학업 능력이 일치 하는 것은 아니다.

④ 부모의 신뢰가 자식의 지능에 긍정적 영향을 미친다.

⑤ 아이들의 학력에 대한 사회의 기대 수준이 지나치게 높다.

6. 다음 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

In our daily lives, all of us, no matter how determinedly upbeat, rely on what psychologist Julie Norem calls “defensive pessimism”to get through the day. Not only airplane pilots need to envision the worst; so does the driver of a car. Should you assume, positively, that no one is going to cut in front of you or, more negatively, be prepared to brake? Most of us would choose a physician who is willing to investigate the most dire possibilities rather than one who is known to settle quickly on an optimistic diagnosis. In matters of the heart as well, a certain level of negativity and suspicion is universally recommended. You may try to project a thoroughly “positive”outlook in order to attract a potential boyfriend, but you are also advised to find out more about him.

* upbeat 낙관적인

① 어려운 처지에 빠진 사람을 외면하지 말아야 한다.

② 안이한 낙관보다 신중하게 살피는 태도가 필요하다.

③ 주어진 상황에 대해 긍정적인 태도로 대처해야 한다.

④ 미래에 대한 근심으로 현재의 기쁨을 놓치지 말아야 한다.

⑤ 계획을 세우는 것 보다 실천하는 데 더 많은 공을 들여야 한다.

7. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is important to take a look at the personality that you've created. Perhaps one of the reasons you keep yourself from doing this is because you have been an imitator. It is not uncommon to get hung up on this. It may help to understand that nobody can create a self from scratch. Everyone has to do the same thing. Everybody chooses from what is available. Even though you may have built your personality through imitation, you are not a fraud. No one else has ever put together the exact same combination that you have. Do not forget there are only twelve notes in the musical scale, and yet many hundreds of thousands of unique and beautiful combinations are created. It is all a matter of how they are put together.

* fraud 사기꾼, 협잡꾼

① 타고난 성격에 맞는 일을 찾아서 하는 것이 중요하다.

② 모방을 통해 형성한 자신의 개성을 긍정적으로 생각하라.

③ 평범한 것도 새롭게 이해하려고 하는 태도를 길러야 한다.

④ 인격 도야를 위해 타인과 조화롭게 지내는 것이 필요하다.

⑤ 성찰을 통해 자아를 완성해 가는 노력을 부단히 기울여야 한다.

8. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Global climatic stability and ecological resilience are global public goods that require cooperative global solutions, whereas fossil fuels are market goods that promote competition and resource struggles. The transition to sustainability demands new energy sources that are “non-rival,”such as energy from the sun and wind. For example, U.S. development of cheap and efficient solar power will not limit China's use of this resource; moreover, China would likely improve the technology, thus offering benefits to other users. Unfortunately, international trade institutions such as the World Trade Organization give priority to private, market goods and services at the expense of public goods. Countries that cannot afford renewable energy technologies will continue to burn coal, preventing the new technologies from helping to address climate change. Open access to information about renewable energy  technologies is needed to solve this problem.

* sustainability 지속 가능성, 환경 파괴 없이 지속될 수 있는 상태

① 환경 보존을 위해 화석 연료의 생산을 감축해야 한다.

② 선진국들은 후진국에 대한 경제 지원을 늘려야 한다.

③ 국제 사회의 공조를 통해 화석 연료 가격을 낮춰야 한다.

④ 친환경 기술을 개발하는 기업에 대한 지원을 확대해야 한다.

⑤ 공익을 위해 국가 간에 재생 에너지 기술이 공유되어야 한다.

9. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

In attempting to accomplish a group goal, meeting partners actually attempt to complete a particular “task.” More than a single task is usually sought in most meetings, but the tasks are still distinct. There is a tendency to mix these different tasks together, however, without recognizing that the individual or group with whom you're meeting may not understand what specific task is being undertaken at a particular time. Thus, the task may be to offer advice, but the group thinks the task is to make a decision. You may want the group to give factual information, but the group thinks the task is to provide subjective advice. Some tasks are inappropriate for some groups. Some tasks are incompatible with a particular meeting, although the participants will attempt them. In planning a meeting, make clear what task it is you're asking your meeting partners to perform.

* incompatible 양립할 수 없는, 조화를 이룰 수 없는

① 회의 장소와 참석 인원을 미리 확정하라.

② 일의 성격에 부합하는 사람에게 일을 맡겨라.

③ 회의에서 처리할 과제의 성격을 명확하게 하라.

④ 회의의 제한 시간을 정하고 참석자들에게 알려라.

⑤ 회의에서 결정이 내려지면 신속하게 행동으로 옮겨라.

10. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

A few decades ago, people in wheelchairs, as well as many on crutches and with strollers, couldn't use pay telephones or revolving doors or buy articles of their choice in a supermarket, where many shelves were placed too high or too low to be reached with ease. Stairways needed to be replaced by ramps. In recent years, this picture has changed greatly. Pay telephones have been placed in lower positions, many ramps have been built to accommodate those in wheelchairs, and other important control areas such as light switches and elevator controls have also been lowered. But much else needs to be done. For example, most ramps were simply added to comply with laws governing the handicapped. Both the materials selected for these ramps and their angle of incline frequently lead to their icing up or becoming slippery during the winter. �

* ramp 연결용 경사로

① 파손된 공공 시설물 수리를 신속하게 해야 한다.

② 장애인에게 더 많은 취업 기회를 제공해야 한다.

③ 장애인을 위한 시설물이 더 많이 개선되어야 한다.

④ 공공 시설물에 대한 안전 검사를 더 자주 해야 한다.

⑤ 장애인을 위한 편의 시설 설치에 관한 법률을 제정해야 한다.

11. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

Some researchers argue that food science is necessarily reductive because the entire food system is so complex that all they can do is break the system down into isolated parts and study them. The problem is that when nutrients are studied in isolation, we ignore the vastness of the system as a whole, making it extremely difficult to know what any given nutrient's effect really is within the system. For example, the combinations in which we consume foods and drinks can have tremendous influence on their benefit or harm. We can hardly absorb the iron in a steak if we drink a cup of coffee with it. That simple addition of a particular liquid into the steak meal yields a different nutritional result. In other words, if we want healthy meals, we have to understand the entire process of eating ─ with all of the factors that affect a healthy outcome.

* reductive 환원주의적인(한 현상을 구성요소의 기능의 합으로 여기는 )

① 식품의 안전성 확보를 위한 대책을 세워야 한다.

② 식품 생산과 유통의 감독체계를 일원화해야 한다.

③ 식품에 대한 구체적인 성분 표시를 의무화해야 한다.

④ 건강을 위해 음식 섭취의 전체적인 과정을 이해해야 한다.

⑤ 건강에 필요한 필수 영양 성분을 체계적으로 분류해야 한다.

12. 다음 글에서 필자가 주장하는 바로 가장 적절한 것은?

It is true that the police have exercised a degree of discipline in handling antiracism demonstrators. In this sense they have conducted themselves rather “nonviolently”in public. But for what purpose? Over the past few years I have consistently preached that nonviolence demands that the means we use must be as pure as the ends we seek. I have tried to make clear that it is wrong to use immoral means to attain moral ends. But now I must affirm that it is just as wrong, or perhaps even more so, to use moral means to preserve immoral ends. Perhaps the police have been rather nonviolent in public, but they have used the moral means of nonviolence to maintain the immoral end of racial injustice. As T. S. Eliot has said: “The last temptation is the greatest treason: To do the right deed for the wrong reason.

* treason 배신, 배반

① 인종 문제는 비폭력적 시위와 타협으로 해결해야 한다.

② 도덕적 수단으로 비도덕적 목적을 정당화해서는 안 된다.

③ 무분별한 시위 엄단으로 시민의 불편을 최소화해야 한다.

④ 정당한 목적을 위해 비도덕적인 수단을 사용해서는 안 된다.

⑤ 정부는 평화적 시위를 통해 표출된 의견을 존중해야 한다.