take 13

grammar

1.

A : __________ the water is turned off after using the bathroom.

B : Don't worry. I always do that.

□ Make sure

□ Made sure

□ Making sure

□ To make sure

2.

A : I'm really hungry. Let's have lunch before going back to the office.

B : Oh, no. I forgot __________ my purse.

□ bringing

□ to bring

□ bring

□ brought

3.

A : Do you think we should add some water?

B : Yes, the soup is __________ salty.

□ a kind of

□ kind of

□ kinds of

□ the kind of

4.

Three miles ___________ generally taken to be the boundary of a country's air space these days.

□ is

□ are

□ was

□ were

5.

My friend Jimmy spent __________ last year working here.

□ a whole

□ the whole

□ whole

□ the whole of

6.

The situation was __________ in Germany.

□ the very same

□ very the same

□ the much same

□ much the same

7.

□ A : Do you want me to put back this book on the shelf?

□ B : No. Just leave it on this table.

□ A : Are you sure? I can do it for you.

□ B : It's OK. I can do it myself.

8.

□ A : Can you tell me how I can get there?

□ B : Take a taxi since there's no bus run to that area from here.

□ A : OK. Where should I tell the driver to go?

□ B : Tell him to go to the World Diplomatic Center.

9.

□ Forty one percent of high school graduates go to the college.

□ Students pay tuition to study at public and private universities.

□ Some of them have scholarships to help with the cost of tuition.

□ Even with a scholarship, however, higher education is very expensive for most students.

10.

□ Frank Lloyd Wright was one of the greatest architects of the twentieth century. □ He believed that architecture should be functional, and blend into its surroundings. □ Instead of creating lots of rooms, he designed houses with large spaces. □ The windows were so big that they become glass walls.

vocabulary

1.

A : Did the police find the child?

B : No, he's still ___________.

□ around

□ alone

□ missing

□ playing

2.

A : Did you hear Sheila had a baby?

B : Really? I guess congratulations are in ___________. She's been waiting a long time.

□ order

□ time

□ stock

□ effect

3.

A : Sorry about being late. My car broke down on the way.

B : I don't want to hear any of your __________ excuses.

□ deaf

□ lame

□ dim

□ dark

4.

A : I'm sorry for __________ you at this hour.

B : It's OK. Is something wrong?

(a) calling

(b) dropping

(c) seeing

(d) speaking

5.

A : Is the game being broadcast live?

B : No, it's a ___________ broadcast from yesterday.

(a) delayed

(b) revitalized

(c) reviewed

(d) postponed

6.

Savings coupons are ___________ where prohibited or restricted by law.

□ void

□ vague

□ cheap

□ free

7.

Picasso developed such a unique style of art that he has remained without __________since.

□ peer

□ school

□ disciple

□ vision

8.

The Hundred Years' War between England and France ___________ for over a hundred years as its name suggests.

□ waged

□ marked

□ lasted

□ expired

9.

Contrary to the school's ___________reaction, the student body voiced strong complaints against the new policy.

□ docile

□ hostile

□ whimsical

□ lukewarm

10.

Wary of long waits at check-in and luggage __________, many passengers try to lug as much carry-on baggage as they can.

□ rounds

□ carousels

□ rosters

□ counters

reading comprehension

1.

Despite the tradition of philosophical "professionalism" established during the Enlightenment by Wolff and Kant, philosophy in the 19th century was still largely created by men outside of the universities. Comte, Mill, Marx, Kierkegaard, and Schopenhauer __________. Only the German Idealist school was rooted in academic life.

□ were the heads of university departments

□ had little or no interest in philosophy

□ were not professors in universities

□ were either German by birth or nationality

2.

The Latin alphabet is a development of the Greek alphabet. The Greek alphabet, in turn, is an adaptation of a writing system that was developed among the Semites of Syria in about 1500 BC. Outwardly, this first Semitic writing system seems ____________. Its principles, however, are certainly based on the Egyptian word-syllabic writing, which, together with the Sumerian, Hittite, Chinese, and other writings, belongs to the great family of ancient Oriental systems of writing. The history of the oldest of these writings, Sumerian, can be followed from about 3100 BC. Examples of written numbers exist from even earlier-as early as the late 3rd millennium BC-in other parts of the Middle East.

□ to be most innovative and modernistic

□ to be an imitation of other writing systems

□ to be an original and individual creation

□ to have come from Syria or Egypt

3.

Public relations (PR) is often compared to, and sometimes confused with, marketing. Although they use similar techniques, ___________. Marketing, which includes advertising and promotion, intends to sell products and services. PR is an image-creation business that is trying to sell people, government policies, corporations, and other institutions. A book by Joe McGuiness on the presidential race between Richard Nixon and Hubert Humphrey was called The Selling of the President, 1968 because it is about the PR tactics used to promote the two candidates.

□ their main goals are quite different

□ it is impossible to differentiate their methods

□ their techniques are not always the same

□ their origins are totally different

4.

In some parts of the world, ___________ the problem of greenhouse gases. In Brazil, for example, farmers were routinely encouraged by the government to burn their land along with the trees and plants on it in exchange for loans. These fires released greenhouse gases directly into the atmosphere and created smoke levels that threatened the environment and the surrounding human population. More importantly, the clearing of land resulted in fewer trees that could use up the excess carbon dioxide in the air.

□ fossil fuel emissions have caused

□ the efforts of urbanization have solved

□ accidental fires have led to

□ widespread deforestation has worsened

5.

Every birthday for the past several years, Uncle Rob had given Sue a crisp hundred-dollar bill as a present. This year, however, his business had taken a turn for the worse and he could only afford a birthday card. When Sue saw the envelope in his hand, with her name written out in Rob's distinctive scrawl, she let out a whoop of delight. "Uncle Rob!" she cried. "You shouldn't have." To which her uncle replied, "Honey, I love you as much as ever. So let me caution you ____________.

□ to leave no stone unturned

□ to strike while the iron is hot

□ not to count your chickens before they hatch

□ to know that a bird in hand is better than two in the bush

6.

Some experts believe that the treatment of personal bankruptcy in England and the United States has become too liberal because the law permits people to write off debts that they cannot pay and then to begin again, perhaps accumulating new debts. Bankruptcy ___________. When a business goes bankrupt, it may have to close. Bankruptcy law provides orderly ways in which large firms can be reorganized with the least hardship for all parties concerned. Sometimes cities and other local governments find themselves unable to pay their debts, and the United States law contains detailed procedures for handling such cases.

□ is usually a very serious problem for both business firms and individuals

□ has a quite different meaning for businesses as opposed to individuals

□ normally has less serious repercussions for firms or other organizations

□ is generally experienced more frequently by businesses than individuals

7.

The growth of multinational corporations _____________. On the positive side it has tied the world more closely together economically and has helped spur development in poorer nations. It has also increased free-market competition by providing consumers with greater choice in the goods they may buy. Among the drawbacks, especially for American firms, have been a great outflow of money for overseas investment and a net loss of jobs to foreign workers. Some firms locate plants abroad in regions where labor is cheaper and ship the products back to the United States to compete with more expensive domestically made goods.

□ has had both benefits and drawbacks

□ often has many benefits for the countries involved

□ has been blamed for many economic problems

□ has brought about international economic growth

8.

Bacteria __________. They are present on and within animals and plants. They exist in the ocean, in the desert, in hot springs, and in the snow of polar regions. Bacteria have been found high up in the atmosphere, at the bottom of rivers and lakes, and in the deepest mines. Some are able to flourish at temperatures high enough or low enough to kill other forms of life.

□ are usually extremely small so they can live in almost any small place

□ can live on simple mineral compounds that can be found in many places

□ are found in more varied habitats and environments than any other living thing

□ absorb their food and secrete their wastes through cell walls

9.

By the simplest definition, architecture is the design of buildings, executed by architects. ___________, it is much more than that. It is the expression to thought in building. It is not simply construction, the piling of stones or the spanning of spaces with steel girders. It is the intelligent creation of forms and spaces that in themselves express an idea.

□ In addition

□ In other words

□ However

□ Similarly

10.

Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) is chiefly known for his witty stories, the Decameron, which won for him the name Father of Italian Prose. However, more important was his part in carrying on the revival of learning. For Boccaccio was the first Italian in seven centuries to learn to read classical Greek. ____________, he wrote many Latin works of scholarship which aided in the search for and identification of the lost writings of ancient literature. Soon hundreds of eager scholars were engaged in the work of spreading abroad the new learning, with all sorts of unsettling results.

□ Nonetheless

□ In addition

□ On the other hand

□ In general

11.

Dear Minister,

□ I am writing this letter as a Board Member of the British Friendship Association to appeal to you to ensure that Professor Nancy Graham, a prisoner held in Ankara State Prison, is given the medical treatment she requires and an adequate diet. In view of the seriousness of this case, I would ask you to make inquiries to satisfy yourself personally that the conditions under which she is kept in prison are in keeping with the basic standards expected today by all members of the international community.

I would like to add that our Association, whose function is to promote friendship and goodwill between the peoples of our two countries, has every confidence that the human rights enshrined in your Constitution are fully observed in your country.

Yours sincerely,

Margaret Anderson

Q. What is the purpose of the letter?

□ To ask the Minister to release a prisoner of war

□ To ask the Turkish government to open contact with neighboring countries

□ To ask the Minister to make sure a prisoner receives proper care

□ To ask the Turkish government to join the British Friendship Association

12.

The stumbling block to peace between the Israelis and Palestinians is more than Jerusalem. The desire for peace is deeply rooted in outlook and education. In the nine years since the Oslo accords, Israel has been hard at work educating its young about the need for peace and coexistence, but the Palestinian Authority has not chosen to go in this direction. Without belittling the difficulties of Jerusalem, I feel that what we teach our children is far more important than any land compromise that may be agreed to.

Q. What does the writer think is important for resolving the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians?

□ Economic cooperation

□ Resolving territorial disputes

□ Disregarding religious differences

□ Educating and enlightening young people

13.

Even now, there is still very little known about sleep and dreams. In fact, numerous common misconception still exist, many of which are perpetuated by so-called professionals. One common misconception is that we need to dream to maintain sanity or good mental health. This erroneous theory was first proffered around the end of the 1950s, and was based on cruel, spurious laboratory experiments on animals. Some of these tests involved cats which were floated on planks of wood in water. Every time they nodded off, their heads would make contact with the water, thus jarring them awake and depriving them of all sleep, and not just REM(Rapid Eye Movement)sleep, as was suggested. Little wonder then that these poor creatures began to demonstrate aggressive behavior. In reality, it would seem that dreams may even be a sort of luxury. Evidence suggests that we do not need to dream at all.

Q. What is the main idea of the passage?

□ Contrary to common belief, animals do not dream.

□ Dreams play an essential role in maintaining mental health.

□ During the period of REM, human beings replenish lost energy.

□ The absence of dreams does not necessarily pose health concerns.

14.

Henri Matisse was born in 1869, the year the Cutty Sark, a beautiful little clipper ship, was launched. In 1954, the year he died, the first hydrogen bomb exploded at Bikini Atoll. Not only did he live on, literally, from one world into another; he lived through some of the most traumatic political events in recorded history, the worst wars, the greatest slaughters, the most demented rivalries of ideology. Yet Matisse never made a didactic painting or signed a manifesto, and there is scarcely one reference to a political event-let alone an expression of political opinion-to be found anywhere in his writings. Perhaps Matisse did suffer from fear and loathing like the rest of us, but there is no trace of them in his work. His paintings are the equivalent to that ideal place, scaled away from the assaults and erosions of history.

Q. Which is correct according to the passage?

□ Matisse did not believe art could transcend reality.

□ The turmoil of politics did not affect Matisse's artistic world.

□ Matisse disagreed with contemporary ideological views.

□ Matisse's achievements as a painter surpass those of any other artist.

15.

Dear Customers,

As our new letterhead indicates, we have recently changed the name of our business from DelawareOffice to OfficeBox. However, there has been no change in management and we will be providing the same products and fine service on which we have built our reputation in the industry. We would appreciate it if you would bring this announcement to the attention of your friends and neighbors.

Thank you for being one of our valued customers. We appreciate your cooperation in this matter.

Sincerely yours,

Henry King

Manager OfficeBox

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the letter?

□ The company has a new owner and management system.

□ The company has renovated its office and was recently reopened.

□ The company has changed its name but provides the same products.

□ The letter was written to invite customers to a promotional event.

16.

IBS, the leading international business school, located just 30 miles south of Chicago, seeks, for IBS Online a new subsidiary of IBS, candidates with an international background for the position of Academic Development Manager, to work in developing and facilitating online courses and learning environments for corporate managers. The successful candidate should ideally have the following qualifications:

♠ a Master's degree, ideally in a field such as computer science or business

♠ familiarity with the Web, and preferably some understanding of e-learning

♠ experience teaching or facilitating executive development

♠ strong organizational skills

If you are interested in this position, please contact us at resource@IBS.com.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the advertisement?

□ IBS requires that applicants do a written test.

□ A position is available with a new branch of IBS.

□ The position is open to people to people with a Bachelor's degree.

□ E-learning is a popular entrepreneurial field these days.

17.

According to a recent study, children who eat school lunches, take nutritional education classes and have limited access to soft drink and candy machines are less likely to be unhealthy. It suggests that the most effective way to curb childhood obesity and poor nutrition is through school-based measures. The study also found that children are not meeting dietary or physical activity guidelines, due to lifestyle habits: watching television, playing video games, not eating fruits and vegetables.

Q. Which of the following is true according to the passage?

□ Schools can help students avoid bad eating habits.

□ Parents are responsible for children's lifestyle habits.

□ Being overweight and inactive leads to chronic disease.

□ Children must take care of themselves.

18.

In the 93 years that have passed since its discovery, the North Pole has remained untouched, for your eyes to see! The 2002 North Pole Expedition is dedicated to those intrepid explorers with a powerful spirit of adventure. Following the success of our last five-year Expeditions, Global Expeditions, Inc. will return to the North Pole again this year. This expedition is for the average person, novice or experienced, male or female, young or old. We'll follow the same logistics and itinerary that have brought success for the past five years. The use of planes and helicopters, however, will reduce the physically exhausting methods formerly used. We invite any adventurer who wants to experience the trip of a lifetime, the most extreme adrenaline rush possible, and bragging rights that few can match. You'll never be the same again after this trip to the "forbidden frozen land of Earth."

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

□ The expedition is strictly limited to adults.

□ This year's trip will be comparable to previous ones.

□ The trip may require extraordinary physical energy.

□ The trip will be an unforgettable experience.

19.

Humans don't appear to have much in common with mice and worms. Yet within the cells of each are genes-operating instructions made of DNA. Despite the differences among organisms-wings, leaves, feet or fins-most share a surprising number of genes. Scientists compare the genes of plants, animals and humans primarily to learn more about us. The following figures show how many genes we share with other living organisms, although we may think they are greatly inferior to us.

Fruit fly 36% Mouse 90%

Roundworm 21% Yeast 23%

Thale cress 15% Zebrafish 85%

E coli 7% Chimp 98%

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage and the figures?

□ Humans share more than three-quarters of their genes with zebrafish.

□ The genetic differences between a chimp and a mouse are not great.

□ Worms are classified as the most primitive species of animals.

□ Scientists are concerned about the genetic differences among living organisms.

20.

Columbus Day is celebrated in the USA on the second Monday in October. It is the day on which Americans celebrate Christopher Columbus' discovery of North America in 1492. On closer look, however, this is no cause for celebration. First of all, Columbus did not discover America, because people had lived there for thousands of years. If some insist Columbus 'discovered' America, it may be said that Columbus brought America to the attention of the civilized world, that is, to the growing, scientific civilizations of Western Europe. The main legacy of Columbus, however, is death and destruction. That's why Columbus is often vilified as a symbol of slavery and genocide. In this view, the arrival of Columbus is an occasion to be mourned.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

□ Columbus' discovery of America was an accidental event.

□ The author's view of Columbus is contrary to the idea of glorifying him.

□ The author mourns the loss of Columbus' rich legacy.

□ The celebration of Columbus Day should be legitimized for history's sake.

21.

Weeds are plants that interfere with the management objectives of a given area of land. Noxious weeds are those weeds that society has declared as our legal responsibility to manage because of their negative impacts. Negative impacts associated with these noxious weeds may be ecological and economic. Noxious weeds displace native plants, reduce biodiversity, eliminate threatened and endangered plant species, alter normal ecological processes, decrease wildlife habitats, reduce recreational value, and increase soil erosion and stream sedimentation. These negative ecological impacts, in effect, result in major economic losses.

Q. Which of the following is correct according to the passage?

□ Noxious weeds have been spreading at an alarming rate recently.

□ Dense infestations of noxious weeds help enlarge wildlife habitats.

□ The invasion by noxious weeds poses a serious threat to native plants.

□ The negative effects of noxious weeds do not directly affect human life.

22.

From 1920 until about 1930 an unprecedented outburst of creative activity among African-Americans occurred in all fields of art. Beginning as a series of literary discussions in the lower Manhattan (Greenwich Village) and upper Manhattan (Harlem) sections of New York City, this African-American cultural movement became known as "The New Negro Movement" and later as the Harlem Renaissance. More than a literary movement and more than a social revolt against racism, the Harlem Renaissance exalted the unique culture of African-Americans and redefined African-American expression. Although the Renaissance was not a school, and although not all writers associated with it shared a common purpose, they had a common bond: they dealt with Black life from a Black perspective.

Q. Which is correct about The Harlem Renaissance according to the passage?

□ It quickly evolved into a political movement.

□ The artists involved in it were not limited to writers.

□ Its rise was prompted by a great migration of African-Americans.

□ It was triggered by a violent controversy over racism.

23.

Multiculturalism is a household word these days. Yet it is racism in a politically-correct guise. It holds that an individual's identity and personal worth are determined by ethnic/ racial membership and that all cultures are of equal worth, regardless of their views or how they treat people. Multiculturalism holds that ethnic identity should be a central factor in educational and social policy decision. Multiculturalism would turn this country into a collection of separatist groups competing with each other for power.

Q. What is the author's attitude toward the concept of multiculturalism?

□ Skeptical and critical

□ Cautious but approving

□ Persuasive and supportive

□ Favorable but disillusioned

24.

To whom it may concern:

I am in receipt of your letter of June 23, 2002. Although I am honored by the privilege, I respectfully request that I be excused from jury duty.

I am currently employed by ABC International Incorporated of Charlotte. As a small firm, my employer will be unable to pay me during my absence for jury duty. Simply stated, my financial position will be severely affected as a result. I will be able to forward a statement from my employer if you so require.

I trust that you will understand my position and excuse me, thus, from jury duty. You may contact me at 821-5109 if there are any concerns.

Respectfully

James Keller

Q. If the writer should serve as a juror despite his request, what would happen?

□ He would be excused from jury duty next time.

□ He would have to handle understaffed conditions.

□ He wouldn't get paid while doing jury duty.

□ He would need authorization from his employer.

25.

Despite Israel's sunny skies, 40% of ultra-orthodox("Haredi") Jewish women have been found to suffer from vitamin D deficiency, putting them at risk of osteoporosis later in life. It is because they rarely expose their skin to the sun. Because of their religious beliefs, the women choose apparel such as long sleeves and opaque stockings-even in summer. It is argued by doctors that just 30 minutes of normal outdoor activity a day while exposing the arms, face and legs can prevent vitamin D deficiency.

Q. what is the main idea of the passage?

□ One of the main reasons for osteoporosis is insufficient exposure it the sun.

□ Overexposure to sunlight is harmful, often causing dangerous skin cancers.

□ Religious beliefs cause many Haredi women to suffer from vitamin D deficiency.

□ Women with vitamin D deficiency are advised to take supplements.

26.

It is said with age comes wisdom but also a taste for spinach. A recent study of more than 300 people aged 21 to 84 found that sensitivity to the bitterness in such vegetables as broccoli and spinach wanes with age. The older people also preferred bitter beverages such as coffee and tea more often than their younger counterparts. So don't worry if your kids don't like broccoli. They probably will, eventually.

Q. What is the main point of the passage?

□ Most people get wiser as they grow older.

□ Older people prefer coffee and tea to other beverages.

□ Broccoli and spinach are especially beneficial to the young.

□ People grow used to the bitter taste of some foods and drinks.

27.

There are a few myths that many Americans entertain about the American Revolutionary War. One is that the War waged and against Britain. However, rather than a country united against the British, Americans were divided over whether the colonies should leave the British Empire. We now know that in every part of the United States, but especially in the South after 1778 when the British transferred their military operations to that region, Americans fought Americans. Sometimes, American family members fought each other, as fathers sided with the British and sons with the Americans or vice versa. Historians now believe that forty percent of Americans were patriots; twenty percent were Loyalists, who supported the British; and forty percent were neutral, preferring to be left alone during the hostilities. These conflicts were often extremely violent and bitter, reminiscent of ethnic conflicts between Serbians and Bosnians today.

Q. What can be inferred about the American Revolutionary War from the passage?

□ It can be essentially defined as a civil war.

□ Its main cause can be attributed to family issues.

□ The primary conflicts arose from ethnic disagreements.

□ Familial strife superseded political conflict in the southern part of the country.

28.

Most magazines offer full color to advertisers as opposed to the more limited color available in newspapers. □ This kind of color is called four-color printing because it is achieved by using four separate engraved plates. □ To grab the attention readers, companies may also place musical ads or fragrant ads. □ Full color is especially desirable for food and fashion advertising. □ This is mainly because the color of these products is part of their appeal.

29.

Although papyrus was the material used for most ancient books, special copies were often written on vellum or parchment. □ Vellum was made from calfskin while parchment, a coarser material. was made from the skins of sheep and goats. □ The skins were not tanned but were prepared by careful washing and then covered with lime to loosen the hair. □ After the hair was removed, each skin was stretched on a frame, scraped, dusted with sifted chalk, and polished with pumice. □ Parchment and vellum were used as early as the 5th century BC, gradually displacing papyrus from the beginning of the Christian era.

30.

Although true pepper is made from the pepper plant, a great many kinds of pepper are obtained from plants of entirely different families. □ For example, there are the red peppers or chillies, which belong to the genus capsicum. □ There are also cayenne peppers and tabasco peppers. □ Pepper is considered to be the most important of all the spices in the world. □ Still another kind is paprika, which is a red pepper produced from the bell pepper.

take 13. answers

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