18번 변형문제

2014 고3 9월 교평 모의고사 변형문제

다음 글의 (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

②

If you’re one of the countless people (A)[whose / who] mind and body have been overworked, you need a program that will give you a more positive and energetic life: the Health Management Program offered by the ABC Well-Being Institute. This program lasts for six weeks and (B)[is consisted / consists] of three different components: Daily Targets, Walking Plans, and Eating Plans. Each week, you’ll be advised by our health experts and (C)[introduce / introduced] to new physical activity targets. Are you serious about improving your life immediately? Then, you can start by enrolling in our fantastic program today.

(A)          (B)            (C)

① whose   ...... is consisted ...... introduced

② whose   ...... consists     ...... introduced

③ who     ...... is consisted ...... introduced

④ who     ...... consists     ...... introduce

⑤ who     ...... consists     ...... introduce

19번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Everybody has moments of doubt about something or other from time to time; it is a natural process. The challenge is not to let those moments accumulate and affect your self-belief. You will always face the challenge of other people’s comments and opinion. There are people that you feel good being around and others you don’t. Some people give you positive energy because they believe in you. You feel it and you rise to the occasion. Others may always have a negative comment to make about what you are doing or talking about. Don’t let these comments rock your self-belief. Always question the person’ reason for the comment. If it is based on fact, you should listen; if not, then it is only their opinion. You will need to stay strong.

위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

⑤

① 의심이나 불확신은 자연스러운 과정이다.

② 의심이나 불확신은 자기 확신에 영향을 미친다.

③ 사람들이 여러분을 신뢰하면, 긍정적인 에너지가 생긴다.

④ 논평의 이유에 대해 항상 의문을 가져야 한다.

⑤ 항상 확고함을 유지하는 것은 불가능하다.

20번 Ⅱ. 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Delia stepped out of the front door of her house, and the day welcomed her with a warm and sunny smile.

(A) As the bus rolled down Madison Avenue, she slipped her hand into her ballet bag ⓐ[touching  / to touch] her new shoes. She thought about working hard on her leaps and jumps. “I want to soar to the moon,”Delia thought.

(B) Her new school offered ballet lessons, and Delia eagerly signed up. She was one step closer to ⓑ[fulfill / fulfilling] her lifelong dream of becoming a ballerina. Delia sat at the bench waiting for the school bus.

(C) With each step, she thought, “I can’t wait for today’s class.” Her family had recently ⓒ[been moved / moved] into the neighborhood, and the new school year had just begun at Elanova High School.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

⑤

① (A) －(C) －(B)	② (B) －(A) －(C)

③ (B) －(C) －(A)	④ (C) －(A) －(B)

⑤ (C) －(B) －(A)

위 글의 ⓐ, ⓑ, ⓒ의 각 괄호 안에서 어법에 맞는 표현으로 바르게 묶인 것은?

⑤

ⓐ           ⓑ           ⓒ

① touching  ...... fulfilling  ...... moved

② touching  ...... fulfill     ...... moved

③ to touch  ...... fulfilling  ...... been moved

④ to touch  ...... fulfill     ...... been moved

⑤ to touch  ...... fulfilling  ...... moved

위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않은 것은?

④

① Delia는 기대감에 부풀어 있다.

② Delia의 가족은 최근에 인근으로 이사를 왔다.

③ Delia는 새로운 학교에서 발레 수업에 등록했다.

④ Delia는 발레리나가 되려는 일생의 꿈을 실현했다.

⑤ Delia는 도약과 점프를 열심히 연습하는 것에 대해 생각했다

21번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

One reason many people keep ⓐ________ things they should do is that they ⒜fear they will do them wrong or poorly, so they just don’t do them at all. For example, one of the best ways to write a book is to write it as ⒝quickly as you can, getting onto paper the thoughts that come to you without regard to style and edition. Then you can go back to ⓑ________ and polish your writing. If I only wrote when I knew it would be ⒞perfect, I’d still be working on my first book! Do you have a hard time ⒟relaxing if your house is a mess or if things are out of order? Do you beat yourself up for making mistakes? I’ve got a simple message for you today: It’s time to ⒠pursue your perfectionism. It becomes a stumbling block that ⓒ________________.

위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① The Ideal Formula of Good Writing

② Practice Makes Perfect

③ The Reason for Procrastinating

④ The Habits Unbreakable

⑤ The Positive Effect of Perfectionism

위 글의 빈칸 ⓐ, ⓑ에 가장 적절한 것은?

①

ⓐ	ⓑ

① delaying	revise

② delaying	finish

③ launching	revise

④ launching	outset

⑤ projecting	finish

위 글의 빈칸 ⓒ에 가장 적절한 것은?

④

① sets free your ego    ② brings reputation

③ makes you chaotic    ④ keeps you stuck

⑤ confuses your mind

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

⑤ let go of/release

① ⒜    ② ⒝    ③ ⒞    ④ ⒟    ⑤ ⒠

22번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Textiles and clothing have functions that go beyond just protecting the body. Dress and textiles alike are used as a means of (A)[nonverbal / literary] communication. Obvious examples would be the use of uniforms to communicate a particular social role and the modern white wedding dress Western cultures use to mark this rite of passage. Both types of clothing communicate important information nonverbally to the onlooker. The female wearing  the white dress is about to be married and change her (B)[statue / status] and role in society. The person in the uniform has some specialized function in society, such as police officer, nurse, or soldier. Therefore, it can be said that clothing (C)[visually / verbally] communicates information about group membership and functions as an identity marker.

위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

②

① 옷은 유행과 상관없이 개성을 살리는 것이 중요하다.

② 자신의 신분과 사회적 역할이 옷을 통해 전달될 수 있다.

③ 시대에 따라 옷에 대한 선호도는 차이가 있다.

④ 악천후로 부터의 보호뿐만 아니라 다른 기능성 제품의 개발이 필요하다.

⑤ 각 직업에 따른 복장이 사라지고 있다.

위 글의 (A), (B), (C)의 각 괄호 안에서 문맥에 맞는 낱말로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

(A)            (B)         (C)

① nonverbal  ...... statue  ...... visually

② nonverbal  ...... status  ......  verbally

③ nonverbal  ...... status  ......  visually

④ literary     ...... statue  ...... verbally

⑤ literary     ...... status  ......  visually

23번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more ⒜affluent money culture. In traditional societies where resources continued to be ⒝scarce, consumption was __________ _________________________. In years of bountiful crops people ate heartily, and in lean years they starved. People were not particularly motivated to produce more goods for stockpiling, as there was ⒞little incentive to do so where there was little security from raids. When times were good, celebrations of gluttony were held in the winter season when stocks could be ⒟refilled. These rituals were more important than the potential hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to ⒠bind people together and distribute resources. Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and took a great deal of time away from work.

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

②

① more compulsively and randomly oriented

② more seasonally and communally orientated

③ not so much reasonable but rather instant

④ not only for necessity but for enjoyment

⑤ more ceremonially and intentionally made

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

④

① ⒜    ② ⒝    ③ ⒞    ④ ⒟    ⑤ ⒠

24번 변형문제

Stonehenge Tour에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

④

The great and ancient stone circle of Stonehenge is one of the greatest wonders of the world.

Enjoy the stones with a fascinating audio-guided tour, in the language of your choice!

Included Highlights

∙ Express Service to Stonehenge by Luxury Bus

∙ Stonehenge Guidebook

Prices & Bus Departures

∙ Adults: £44.00 Children (3-12): £39.00

Seniors (60 and over) / Students: £42.00

∙ Days: Tuesday, Thursday, and Saturday

∙ Times & Places: 10:00 am, Royal National Hotel

11:00 am, Victoria Station

To secure your seat, please arrive at least 15 minutes

prior to departure or book online 24 hours in advance.

① 음성 안내는 선택한 언어로 제공된다.

② 고급 버스로 스톤헨지까지 직행 운행한다.

③ 학생과 어린이는 어른 보다 2~3 적게 낸다.

④ 주 3일 10시에 1회 운행 한다.

⑤ 좌석은 24시간 전에 미리 온라인으로 예약가능하다.

25번 변형문제

Kids Library Camp에 관한 다음 안내문의 내용과 일치하는 것은?

③

Kids Library Camp

Premont Library

(July 29 & 30, 2015)

★ A 2-day camp for children aged 6 and over

(Children under 6 must be accompanied by an adult.)

★ Time: 1:00 pm - 6:00 pm, on both days

★ Learn How To:

- use library facilities

- produce online videos

- create your own story books

∙ Spaces are limited, so advance registration is required.

Registrations are accepted only at www.premont.lib.

∙ No registration fee

∙ For further details, contact Ms. Huggon

at huggon@premont.lib or (877) 123-4567.

① 6세 이상만을 위한 2일간의 캠프이다.

② 양일간 오전 5시간 동안 진행된다.

③ 자리가 제한되어 있어서 사전 등록해야 한다.

④ 등록비는 사전에 입금해야 한다.

⑤ 문의 사항은 전화로만 가능하다.

26번 변형문제

다음 중 도표의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

①

The graph above shows the breakdown of total urban solid waste, particularly focusing on domestic waste, of the state of New South Wales, Australia. ①Of the total urban solid waste, commercial & industrial waste accounts for the most at 45 percent, following domestic waste. ②Domestic waste is about a third of the total urban solid waste, and it consists of seven categories. ③Of the domestic waste, food & garden waste takes up the largest portion, which is over half of domestic waste. ④Of the domestic waste, paper waste takes up 12 percent, which is four-fifth of other waste. ⑤Below paper waste, there are four categories—plastics, glass, diapers, and ferrous—each of which does not exceed five percent.

27번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Living rock cactus is one of the most peculiar plants found in the desert. For most of the year, it ⒜blends into the rocky limestone soils of the Dead Horse Mountains, Mariscal Mountain, and the hills along the Rio Grande. You may step on one before you notice it. Spineless and ⒝flat against the ground, it has triangular tubercles that overlap in a star-shaped pattern. In extremely dry conditions, living rock cactus is almost ⒞visible: it literally shrinks into the surrounding rocky soil. Moisture is stored in the root, and during droughts the root ⒟shrinks, dragging the stem underground. These spineless plants survive by blending into their native habitat. As added           ⒠protection, they store foul-tasting, poisonous alkaloids in their bodies.

* limestone: 석회암   ** tubercle: 작은돌기

living rock cactus에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

②

① 언덕의 돌투성이 석회암 토양 속으로 섞여 들어간다.

② 가시가 없고 별 모양의 돌기를 가지고 있다.

③ 주변의 돌투성이 토양 속으로 오그라든다.

④ 가뭄 기간에는 뿌리가 오그라든다.

⑤ 독성이 있는 알칼로이드를 체내에 저장한다.

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

③

① ⒜    ② ⒝    ③ ⒞    ④ ⒟    ⑤ ⒠

28번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

The term objectivity is important in measurement because of the scientific demand that observations be subject to public verification. A measurement system is objective to the extent that two observers evaluating the same performance arrive at the same (or very similar) measurements. (A)___________, using a tape measure to determine the distance a javelin was thrown yields very similar results regardless of who reads the tape. (B)___________, evaluation of performances such as diving, gymnastics, and figure skating is more subjective ─ although elaborate scoring rules, complete with certification tests for judges, help make it more objective. From the point of view of research in motor behavior, it is important to use performances in the laboratory for which _____________________________________.

＊javelin 투창

위 글의 제목으로 가장 적절한 것은?

②

① The Accuracy of the Subjective Evaluation

② The Requirement for Objectivity of Measuring

③ The System for Measuring the Two Methods

④ The Need for Examining Observed Facts

⑤ The Method of the Objective Evaluation

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① results of measurements will be all the better

② the test results can come out immediately

③ the scoring can be as objective as possible

④ the conditions are favourable for test

⑤ the scoring can be seen by everybody

위 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

②

(A)	(B)

① In addition	……	As a result

② For example	……	By comparison

③ In addition	……	In other words

④ For example	……	As a result

⑤ In addition	……	For example

29번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

A special feature of the real estate rental market is its tendency to __________________________________, more so than with manufactured products. When the supply of a manufactured product ⒜exceeds the demand, the manufacturer cuts back on output, and the merchant    ⒝reduces inventory to balance supply and demand. However, property owners cannot reduce the amount of space available for rent in their buildings. Space that was constructed to accommodate business and consumer needs at the peak of the cycle remains, so vacancy rates ⒞drop and the downward trend becomes more severe. Rental rates generally do not drop below a certain point, the minimum that must be charged in order to cover operating expenses. Some owners will take space off the market rather than lose money on it. A few, ⒟unable to subsidize the property, will sell at distress prices, and lenders will repossess others. These may then be placed on the market at lower rental rates, further ⒠depressing the market.

*distress price : 투매 가격(판매자가 손해를 감수하는 매우 싼 가격)

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 가장 적절한 것은?

④

① supplement the ongoing management

② accommodate resources and funds

③ be insensitive to present economic crises

④ undergo a prolonged contraction phase

⑤ require more time to reflect conditions

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

③

① ⒜    ② ⒝    ③ ⒞    ④ ⒟    ⑤ ⒠

30번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Born in Budapest to a family of Jewish bankers, von Neumann was undeniably bright. At age eight, he had mastered calculus. At age twelve, he was reading works aimed at professional mathematicians. But he also loved to invent mechanical toys and became ①a child expert on Byzantine history, the Civil War, and the trial of Joan of Arc. When it was time to go off to university, he agreed to study chemical engineering as a compromise with his father, who feared that ②his son couldn't make a living as a mathematician. Von Neumann kept ③his bargain by enrolling at the University of Budapest and promptly leaving for Berlin, where he spent his time doing mathematics, including visiting lectures by Einstein, and returning to Budapest at the end of every semester to take examinations.   ④He published his second mathematics paper, in which he gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers which excelled Cantor's, at age nineteen. By age twenty-five ⑤he had published ten major papers; by age thirty, nearly three dozen.

위 글의 밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 가리키는 대상이 나머지 넷과 다른 것은?

②

Von Neumann에 관한 다음 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

④

① 유대인 은행가 가문 출신이었고 미적분학에 통달했다.

② 기계로 작동되는 장난감을 만드는 것도 좋아했다.

③ 아버지의 바람대로 화학 공학을 전공으로 선택했다.

④ Budapest 대학을 졸업한 후 바로 Berlin으로 가서 수학 공부를 시작했다.

⑤ 19세에 서수에 대한 현대적 정의를 제시했다.

31번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Not all interesting discoveries have a(n) ______________ ________. If you believe you have something, but you’re not sure what exactly it’s going to be good for, don’t give up. Many innovations languished in labs for years until they were matched to a product. Teflon, an extremely slippery synthetic substance employed as a coating on cooking utensils, was invented in 1938, but it didn’t coat its first pan till 1954. The Post-it note was built on the back of some not-very-good glue. Its inventor believed it might have value, but it took him five years to find a potentially profitable use for it. HP had a breakthrough with a super-accurate thermometer that was created in the HP Labs. Despite its accuracy, there was no clear use for the  device until it was used to measure fluctuations in ocean temperature.

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① profitable product

② constant companion

③ obvious application

④ extraordinary variation

⑤ practical function

위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① 흥미로운 발견이 모두 다 명백한 적용성을 가지고 있다.

② 많은 혁신 제품들이 수년 동안 실험을 한 후에야 상용화 된다.

③ 유용한 특성은 포기하지 말고 끝까지 매달리면 실용적인 용도를 찾아낼 수 있다.

④ 많은 과학적 발견은 우연한 발견이거나 연구의 부산물이다.

⑤ 과학은 실생활과 연관 지어 이론과 실험을 동시에 병행해야한다.

32번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Empathy is a character trait that we value in ourselves and in our friends, colleagues, and the professionals who serve us. The know-how to be empathetic is central to practical wisdom: unless we can understand how others think and feel, it’s difficult to know the right thing to do. But empathy has its dark side: too much understanding and sensitivity, too much seeing things from the other’s perspective, can cloud judgment and paralyze choice. Edmund Pellegrino, a scholar and chairman of the President’s Council on Bioethics from 2001 to 2009, explains it like this: “If a physician identifies too closely as co-sufferer with the patient, she loses the objectivity essential to the most precise assessment of what is wrong, of what can be done, and of what should be done to meet those needs. Excessive co-suffering also ______________________ ______ the physician into a state of inaction.”

위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

①

① 지나치게 공감하게 되면 우리는 객관성을 잃어 정확한 판단을 할 수 없다.

② 공감은 우리가 소중하게 여기는 성격적 특성이다.

③ 공감은 긍정적인 면 보다 부정적인 면이 더 많다.

④ 의사가 환자와 공감을 많이 할수록 치료 기간이 짧아진다.

⑤ 중요한 결정을 내릴 때는 잠시 떨어져서 생각해야 한다.

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① stimulates and may even help

② disturbs and may disappoint

③ impedes and may even paralyze

④ cooperates and may satisfy

⑤ improves and may manipulate

33번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Bees have their choice of flora according to color. Lord Avenbury once made an experiment to see if the color of flowers ⒜attracted bees. Placing honey on slips of paper of different shades, he found that the insects which visited them seemed to have a marked    ⒝indifference for blue, after which came white, yellow, red, green and orange. This finding should  be considered for our beekeeping planning. If pollination is the prime consideration of taming bees and if the crop is ⒞identified, the color of other floras nearby should be considered while planning. Let us consider beekeeping near a mustard field. Mustard gives tiny yellow flowers full of nectar and pollen. For better yield of mustard seeds, ⒟pollination is necessary. But if there is plenty of blue-colored wild flora nearby, bees may prefer the blue flowers to mustard. Although we shall get honey and other products, the objective for pollination of mustard may be ⒠defeated.

필자의 주장으로 가장 적절한 것은?

①

① 색깔에 따라 벌들이 더 좋아하는 식물군이 있다.

② 양봉에서 색깔에 대한 벌의 선호도는 무시되어야 한다.

③ 꿀이 높은 품질을 위해서는 청색 꽃 식물군이 필요하다.

④ 겨자씨 수확을 위해서는 청색 식물군이 가까이에 있어야 한다.

⑤ 벌을 이용한 꽃가루받이는 많은 수확에 도움이 된다.

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

②

① ⒜    ② ⒝    ③ ⒞    ④ ⒟    ⑤ ⒠

34번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

In the mid-1900s, John Kenneth Galbraith shocked the field of economics when he insisted that consumers do not merely participate in the marketplace, they are also the product of the systematic deployment of power throughout society. Within this deployment of power, commercial media ensures that consumers adopt values and beliefs that match the general requirements of the economy. ⒜The individual’s participation in mass behavior patterns is not a spontaneous reaction to    ⒝random forces. Consumers engage in shared patterns of consumption because they live within an economic system that operates as a belief system. It exercises considerable control over the meaning and value of things. When the economy functions as a belief system, it establishes severe limits on a consumer’s free choice. As consumers, our choices are not entirely our own. Our beliefs, values, thoughts, and emotions are highly conditioned to match the needs of the marketplace.

* deployment: 배치

위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① 소비자의 욕구와 구매 행동의 변화에 따라 경제 체계에 영향을 준다.

② 시장 자유 경쟁 체제에서는 그 어떤 것도 시장의 흐름을 통제할 수 없다.

③ 소비자의 소비 행동은 경제라는 신념 체계에 의해 통제를 받는 행동이다.

④ 소비자의 소비 행동은 시장에서의 자유로운 선택 행동이다.

⑤ 소비자로서, 우리의 선택은 전적으로 우리 자신의 것이다.

[주관식] 밑줄 친 ⒜와 ⒝가 각 각 무엇을 의미하는 지 우리말로 쓰시오.

⒜ 소비자의 소비 행동 ⒝ 경제

⒜ _____________________________________

⒝ _____________________________________

35번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

We’ve all heard the phrase “the family that plays together, stays together.” The wisdom in this phrase is that social play builds ties between people that are lasting and consequential. This wisdom holds not only  the human family circle but also a certain breed of ground squirrels. (A)_____________, When one sees a predator in the distance, it will sound an alarm call that alerts other squirrels to run for cover. It’s a risky move. In crying out, the danger-spotting squirrel draws attention to itself, which may well attract the predator. Scientists used to think that animals would risk their lives like this only for kin with whom they shared common genes. New evidence suggests, (B)_____________, that squirrels also sound alarm calls for former playmates, not genetically related. These squirrels developed a social resource while playing and these buddies will put their lives on the line to save their playmates.

위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

①

① 함께하는 놀이는 집단 내의 유대감을 형성시킨다.

② 사회적 유대감을 형성하는 것은 인간의 특성이다.

③ 동일한 유전자를 가진 친족을 위해 목숨을 건다.

④ 다람쥐는 선천적으로 다른 동물들을 잘 돌본다.

⑤ 인간과 다람쥐사이에 행동적 공통점이 많다.

위 글의 빈칸 (A), (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

②

(A)	(B)

① For example	therefore

② For example	however

③ In contrast	however

④ In contrast	moreover

⑤ Nevertheless	moreover

36번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Self-fulfilling prophecies can have a positive side. We know that students introduced to their teachers as “intellectual bloomers” often do better on achievement tests than do their counterparts who lack such a positive introduction. In a study of army tank crews, one set of tank commanders was told that some members of their assigned crews had exceptional abilities while others were only average. In reality, the crew members had been assigned randomly so that the two test groups were equal in ability. The commanders later reported that the so-called “exceptional” crew members performed better than the “average” ones. The study also revealed the commanders had given more attention and praise  to the crew members for whom they had the higher expectations. The self-fulfilling effects in these cases strongly suggest that managers ___________________________________ toward others at work.

이 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

①

① 자기 충족적인 예언의 효과

② 지적 재능의 선천적인 요인

③ 학력 검사의 다양화 필요

④ 전차병의 전문적 교육 필요

⑤ 직장 내의 상호 신뢰의 힘

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

④

① exclude exceptional participation

② show neutral and impartial attitude

③ expect better and higher consequence

④ adopt positive and optimistic approaches

⑤ compare positive side and negative one

37번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Studies do show that motorists are more likely to yield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks than at unmarked crosswalks. But as University of California, Berkeley, researchers David Ragland and Meghan Fehlig Mitman found, that does not necessarily make things safer. When they compared the way pedestrians crossed at both kinds of crosswalks on roads with considerable traffic volumes, they found that people at unmarked crosswalks tended to look both ways more often, waited more often for gaps in traffic, and crossed the road more quickly. Researchers suspect that both drivers and pedestrians are more aware that drivers should yield to pedestrians in marked crosswalks. But neither are aware of this fact when it comes to unmarked crosswalks.                   , it turns out, is actually a good thing for pedestrians. Because they do not know whether cars are supposed to stop ─ or if they will ─ they act more cautiously. Marked crosswalks, by contrast, may give pedestrians an unrealistic picture of their own safety.

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① Having more signals and signs

② Believing themselves to have the right-of-way

③ Not knowing traffic safety laws

④ Providing the road with center line

⑤ Punishing for violation of the traffic lawa

위 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

⑤

Marked crosswalks may seem (A)___________, but they are actually no (B)__________ than unmarked crosswalks.

(A)	(B)

① undesirable	safer

② less dangerous	more dangerous

③ more hazardous	riskier

④ more hazardous	more dangerous

⑤ less dangerous	safer

38번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Some researchers investigated the effects of different media on children’s ability to produce imaginative responses. In one study, children in grades one through four were separated randomly into two  groups and presented with the same fictional story. One group listened to the story via radio, while the other group watched the story on a television. Afterward, all of the children were asked what they thought would happen next in the story. The researchers rated children’s imaginativeness by recording the novel elements (such as  characters, setting, dialogue, and feelings) they used in their responses. The children who listened to the radio produced more imaginative responses, whereas the children who watched the television  produced more words that repeated the original story. Media scholars have used this study to illustrate the “visualization hypothesis,” which states that children’s exposure  to ready-made visual images restricts their ability to generate novel images of their own.

위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① 아이들의 시각 보다 청각의 발달이 빠른 이유

② 미디어학자들의 시각화 가설의 설명과 오류

③ 미디어의 종류가 상상력에 미치는 영향

④ 아이들의 상상력을 키우기 위한 다양한 시도

⑤ 허구적인 이야기의 상상력에 부정적 영향

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

The exposure to (A)__________ image restricts children's (B)__________.

(A)             (B)

① acoustic      originality

② acoustic      consideration

③ visual        imagination

④ visual        originality

⑤ visual        consideration

39번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

One of the many strengths of the African American community is an ⒜intrinsic support for the athletic endeavors of African American girls and women. Since African American culture ⒝depreciates a greater flexibility of gender roles and accepts a broader range of gender-appropriate behaviors, African American women are not as bound as white women by gender role ⒞stereotypes. Athletics for girls and women ______________________________ to an African American female's gender role. Hall and Bower's study of African American females found that African American women defined themselves as "softly strong" — owning both strength and femininity without ⒟conflict. Welcome support from the African American community has    ⒠energized many African American girls and women to participate in sports.

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

⑤

① is closely related to each other

② is the last thing to imagine

③ is another kind of prejudice

④ is considered as an opportunity

⑤ is not perceived as unacceptable

위 글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

⑤

African American culture is _____(A)_____ to female participation in sports because they have little _____(B)______ in understanding gender roles.

(A)                   (B)

① indifferent	bias

② opposed	fairness

③ opposed	tolerance

④ favorable	fairness

⑤ favorable	bias

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

②

① ⒜    ② ⒝    ③ ⒞    ④ ⒟    ⑤ ⒠

40번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Experts have found that reading classical texts benefits the mind by catching the reader’s attention and triggering moments of self-reflection. The brain activity of volunteers was monitored as they read classical works. These same texts were then “translated” into more straightforward, modern language and again the readers’brains were monitored as they read the words. Scans showed that the more challenging prose and poetry set off far more electrical activity in the brain than the more pedestrian versions. Scientists were able to study the brain activity as it responded to each word and record how it lit up as the readers encountered unusual words, surprising phrases or difficult sentence structures. This lighting up lasts long enough to shift the brain into a higher gear, encouraging further reading. The research also found that reading the more challenging version of poetry, in particular, increases activity in the right hemisphere of the brain, helping the readers to reflect on and reevaluate their own experiences in light of what they have read. The academics said this meant the classics were more useful than self-help books.

위 글의 주제로 가장 적절한 것은?

①

① how reading the classics gives the brain a boost

② comparison of the right brain with the left brain

③ comprehension of the more challenging prose and poetry

④  necessity to translate classics in various languages

⑤ how to easily understand difficult sentence structures.

위 글의 요지로 가장 적절한 것은?

④

① 고전이나 시를 읽는 것이 특히 우뇌의 활동을 증가시킨다.

② 현대적인 언어로 번역된 고전이 이해하기가 쉽다.

③ 왼쪽 뇌는 오른쪽 뇌의 기능을 보좌한다.

④ 어려운 고전이 독자들로 하여금 더 많이 읽게 하고 자아 성찰을 촉진한다.

⑤ 독자들은 읽은 것에 비추어 자신의 경험을 되돌아본다.

41-42번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Organisms must compete for resources not only with members of their own species, but with members of other species. When two species use the ⒜same resource and the resource is scarce, the species must compete just as if they were members of the same population. One of the two species usually turns out to be better at the competition. If two species eat exactly the same food, for example, one of the two will be better at catching it.

(A) Furthermore, which species is competitively      ⒝superior sometimes depends on the conditions. On rocky shores in tropical Hong Kong, for example, foliose (leaf-like) algae are the dominant seaweeds during the relatively cool winter.

(B) In the summer heat, these forms die out and are replaced by more ⒞resistant encrusting algae. Seasonal variation thus prevents either group from excluding the other, and there is a shifting balance between the competing species.

(C) Sometimes a competitively superior species is prevented from ⒟including poorer competitors. Periodic disturbances such as severe storms, battering by drifting logs, or underwater landslides can reduce the population of a dominant competitor and give other species a chance.

(D) Unless something interferes, the inferior competitor loses out and the competitively superior species takes over. When one species eliminates another by ⒠outcompeting it, it is called _______________.

주어진 글의 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

④

① (A) －(C) －(B) - (D)	② (B) －(A) －(D) - (C)

③ (D) - (B) －(C) - (A)	④ (D) - (C) －(A) - (B)

⑤ (C) －(B) －(A) - (D)

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

①

① competitive exclusion    ② natural selection

③ competitive survival      ④ gradual evolution

⑤ sudden immigration

위 글의 밑줄 친 (a)~(e) 중 문맥상 낱말의 쓰임이 적절하지 않은 것은?

④

① ⒜    ② ⒝    ③ ⒞    ④ ⒟    ⑤ ⒠

위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

⑤

① 두 종들 중 한 종이 경쟁에서 더 우수하다는 것이 드러나게 된다.

② 열등한 경쟁자가 패배하여 경쟁적으로 우수한 종이 장악하게 된다.

③ 경쟁적으로 우수한 종이 열등한 경쟁자를 배제하지 못하게 되는 경우도 있다.

④ 어떤 종이 경쟁적으로 우수한가 하는 것은 때로 상황에 의해 좌우된다.

⑤ 계절적 변화가 경쟁하는 두 종들 사이에 공존의 길을 열어준다.

43-45번 변형문제

다음 글을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Jim Nelson, a junior at Manti High School, was an outstanding athlete. He had just made the school basketball team, one of the best in the state. But on October 23, 1996, most of his athletic future was suddenly taken away from him.

(A) With 10 seconds left, Jim balanced the ball in his left hand and took the shot. The crowd was deathly quiet until ― swish !  He made the three-point-shot left-handed! Jim won not only the game but also the hearts of his teammates for proving that __________________________________________.

(B) The doctor concluded that he had suffered nerve damage and that he might never regain the full use of his right arm. Because of his injury, Jim wasn’ able to play on the basketball team during the rest of that year, but the coach did make him equipment manager so that he could come and practice. All summer long in 1997, each and every night, he practiced making left-handed baskets.

(C) When the next season arrived, Jim was ready to try out for the team ― and he made it again! Jim never became a starter, but he was always the first substitute to go in the game. Jim got a chance to play in the last 30 seconds of the championship game when a starting player sprained his ankle.

(D) Jim was riding his bicycle at night to visit his friend. The road was very steep in some places. It was very dark and difficult to see. As he came around a sloping curve on his bicycle, Jim hit a car parked on the side of the road. He ended up in the hospital. Besides bad cuts on his head, he broke his right arm and was in a cast for two months. Jim’s doctor gave him a series of tests.

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① (A) －(C) －(B) - (D)	② (B) －(A) －(D) - (C)

③ (D) - (B) －(C) - (A)	④ (D) - (C) －(A) - (B)

⑤ (C) －(B) －(A) - (D)

위 글의 빈칸에 들어갈 말로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

① with his disability, no success is expected

② with the coach's help, no difficulty is too great

③ with determination, no obstacle is too great

④ no strong will leads to success with disability

⑤ it is no long lane that has no turning

Jim에 관한 위 글의 내용과 일치하지 않는 것은?

④

① 뛰어난 운동선수였던 그는 주의 최고 농구팀 중 하나인 학교 농구팀에 막 들어갔다.

② 자전거를 타고 경사진 커브를 돌다가 Jim은 길가에 주차된 차와 부딪혔다.

③ 신경 손상을 입어서 오른쪽 팔의 완전한 사용이 불가했다.

④ 코치의 도움으로 부상당한 해 바로 연습생으로 농구 팀에 들어갔다

⑤ 10초가 남은 상태에서 Jim은 왼손에 있는 공의 균형을 잡고 슛을 날렸다.

[순서배열]

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

④

Don’t let these comments rock your self-belief.

Everybody has moments of doubt or can be unsure about something or other from time to time; it is a natural process. ( ① ) The challenge is not to let those moments accumulate and affect your self-belief. You will always face the challenge of other people’s comments and opinion. ( ② ) You may have noticed in your life that there are people that you feel good being around and others you don’t. ( ③ ) Some people give you positive energy because they believe in you. You feel it and you rise to the occasion. Others may always have a negative comment to make about what you are doing or talking about. ( ④ ) Always question the person’s reason for the comment. If it is based on fact you will listen; if not, then it is only their opinion. You will need to stay strong. ( ⑤ )

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은??

⑤

Therefore, it can be said that clothing visually communicates information about group membership and functions as an identity marker.

Clothes protect against the elements. However, textiles and clothing also have other functions that go beyond just protecting the body. Dress and textiles alike are used as a means of nonverbal communication. ( ① ) Obvious examples would be the use of uniforms to communicate a particular social role and the modern white wedding dress Western cultures use to mark this rite of passage. ( ② ) Both types of clothing communicate important information nonverbally to the onlooker. ( ③ ) The female wearing the white dress is about to be married and change her status and role in society. ( ④ ) The person in the uniform has some specialized function in society, such as police officer, nurse, or soldier. ( ⑤ ) One can dress down or up to display wealth, education, or social standing, depending on the message the wearer wants onlookers to receive.

다음 글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 것은?

⑤

It's time to let go of your perfectionism.

One reason many people keep delaying things they should do is that they fear they will do them wrong or poorly, so they just don't do them at all. ① For example, one of the best ways to write a book is to write it as quickly as you can, getting onto paper the thoughts that come to you without regard to style and edition. ② Then you can go back to revise and polish your writing. ③ If I only wrote when I knew it would be perfect, I'd still be working on my first book! ④ Do you have a hard time relaxing if your house is a mess or if things are out of order? Do you beat yourself up for making mistakes? I've got a simple message for you today. ⑤ It becomes a stumbling block that keeps you stuck.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳을 고르시오.

②

Then you can go back to revise and polish your writing.

One reason many people keep delaying things they should do is that they fear they will do them wrong or poorly. ( ① ) For example, one of the best ways to write a book is to write it as quickly as you can, getting onto paper the thoughts that come to you without regard to style and edition. ( ② ) If I only wrote when I knew it would be perfect, I'd still be working on my first book! ( ③ ) Do you have a hard time relaxing if your house is a mess or if things are out of order? ( ④ ) I've got a simple message for you today: It's time to let go of your perfectionism. ( ⑤ ) It becomes a stumbling block that keeps you stuck.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

⑤

New evidence suggests, however, that squirrels also sound alarm calls for former playmates, not genetically related.

We’ve all heard the phrase “the family that plays together, stays together.” The wisdom in this phrase is that social play builds ties between people that are lasting and consequential. This wisdom holds outside the human family circle as well. ( ① ) A fascinating example comes from a certain breed of ground squirrels. ( ② ) When one sees a predator in the distance, it will sound an alarm call that alerts other squirrels to run for cover. ( ③ ) It’s a risky move. In crying out, the danger-spotting squirrel draws attention to itself, which may well attract the predator. ( ④ ) Scientists used to think that animals would risk their lives like this only for kin with whom they shared common genes. ( ⑤ ) These squirrels developed a social resource while playing and these buddies will put their lives on the line to save their playmates.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

②

Many innovations languished in labs for years until they were matched to a product.

Not all interesting discoveries have an obvious application. ( ① ) If you believe you have something, but you’re not sure what exactly it’s going to be good for, don’t give up. ( ② ) Teflon, an extremely slippery synthetic substance employed as a coating on cooking utensils, was invented in 1938, but it didn’t coat its first pan till 1954. ( ③ ) The Post-it note was built on the back of some not-very-good glue. Its inventor believed it might have value, but it took him five years to get any support for the concept, or find a potentially profitable use for it. ( ④ ) HP had a breakthrough with a super-accurate thermometer that was created in the HP Labs. ( ⑤ ) Despite its accuracy, there was no clear use for the device until it was used to measure fluctuations in ocean temperature.

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

⑤

These rituals were more important than the potential hardships such celebrations might later bring, as they served to bind people together and distribute resources.

Traditional consumption was not particularly thrifty. The concept of thrift emerged out of a more affluent money culture. ( ① ) In traditional societies where resources continued to be scarce, consumption was more seasonally and communally orientated. ( ② ) In years of bountiful crops people ate heartily, and in lean years they starved. ( ③ ) People were not particularly motivated to produce more goods for stockpiling, as there was little incentive to do so where there was little security from raids. ( ④ ) When times were good, celebrations of gluttony were held in the winter season when stocks could not be refilled. ( ⑤ ) Holiday rituals were typically structured around cultural practices such as song, dance, theater, and feasting, and took a great deal of time away from work.

다음 주어진 문장에 이어질 순서로 알맞은 것은?

②

Self-fulfilling prophecies can have a positive side. We know that students introduced to their teachers as "intellectual bloomers" often do better on achievement tests than do their counterparts who lack such a positive introduction. But why?

(A) In reality, the crew members had been assigned randomly so that the two test groups were equal in ability. The commanders later reported that the so-called "exceptional" crew members performed better than the "average" ones.

(B) In a study of army tank crews, one set of tank commanders was told that some members of their assigned crews had exceptional abilities while others were only average.

(C) The study also revealed the commanders had given more attention and praise to the crew members for whom they had the higher expectations. The self-fulfilling effects in these cases strongly suggest that managers adopt positive and optimistic approaches toward others at work.

① (A) - (C) - (B)	② (B) - (A) - (C)

③ (B) - (C) - (A)	④ (C) - (A) - (B)

⑤ (C) - (B) - (A)

주어진 글 다음에 이어질 글의 순서로 가장 적절한 것은?

③

In the mid-1900s, John Kenneth Galbraith shocked the field of economics when he insisted that consumers do not merely participate in the marketplace, they are also the product of the systematic deployment of power throughout society.

(A) When the economy functions as a belief system, it establishes severe limits on a consumer’ free choice. As consumers, our choices are not entirely our own. Our beliefs, values, thoughts, and emotions are highly conditioned to match the needs of the marketplace.

(B) Within this deployment of power, commercial media ensures that consumers adopt values and beliefs that match the general requirements of the economy. The individual’ participation in mass behavior patterns is not a spontaneous reaction to random forces.

(C) Consumers engage in shared patterns of consumption because they live within an economic system that operates as a belief system. It exercises considerable control over the meaning and value of things.

① (A) －(C) －(B)	② (B) －(A) －(C)

③ (B) －(C) －(A)	④ (C) －(A) －(B)

⑤ (C) －(B) －(A)

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

②

But empathy has its dark side: too much understanding and sensitivity, too much seeing things from the other’s perspective, can cloud judgment and paralyze choice.

Empathy is a character trait that we value in ourselves and in our friends, colleagues, and the professionals who serve us. ( ① ) The know-how to be empathetic is central to practical wisdom: unless we can understand how others think and feel, it’s difficult to know the right thing to do. ( ② ) Edmund Pellegrino, a scholar and chairman of the President’s Council on Bioethics from 2001 to 2009, explains it like this: ( ③ ) “If a physician identifies too closely as co-sufferer with the patient, she loses the objectivity essential to the most precise assessment of what is wrong, of what can be done, and of what should be done to meet those needs. ( ④ ) Excessive co-suffering also impedes and may even paralyze the physician into a state of inaction.” ( ⑤ )

글의 흐름으로 보아, 주어진 문장이 들어가기에 가장 적절한 곳은?

⑤

New evidence suggests, however, that squirrels also sound alarm calls for former playmates, not genetically related.

We’ve all heard the phrase “the family that plays together, stays together.” The wisdom in this phrase is that social play builds ties between people that are lasting and consequential. ( ① ) This wisdom holds outside the human family circle as well. ( ② ) For example, when one ground squirrel sees a predator in the distance,  it will sound an alarm call that alerts other squirrels to run for cover. ( ③ ) It’s a risky move. In crying out, the danger-spotting squirrel draws attention to itself, which may well attract the predator. ( ④ ) Scientists used to think that animals would risk their lives like this  only for kin with whom they shared common genes. ( ⑤ ) These squirrels developed a social resource while playing―and these buddies will put their lives on the line to save their playmates.

글의 전체 흐름과 관계 없는 문장은?

②

One of the many strengths of the African American community is an intrinsic support for the athletic endeavors of African American girls and women. ① Since African American culture appreciates a greater flexibility of gender roles and accepts a broader range of gender-appropriate behaviors, African American women are not as bound as white women by gender role stereotypes. ② It's definitely true that some of African American women are superior to white men in certain sports. ③ Athletics for girls and women is not perceived as conflicting to an African American female's gender role. ④ Hall and Bower's study of African American females found that African American women defined themselves as "softly strong" — owning both strength and femininity without conflict. ⑤ Welcome support from the African American community has energized many African American girls and women to participate in sports.

[어법]

밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?

③ what

Everybody has moments of doubt about something or other from time to time; it is a natural process. The challenge is not to let those moments ①accumulate and affect your self-belief. You will always face the challenge of other people’s comments and opinion. There are people that you feel good being around and others you ②don’t. Some people give you positive energy because they believe in you. You feel it and you rise to the occasion. Others may always have a negative comment to make about ③whether you are doing or talking about. Don’t let these comments rock your self-belief. Always ④question the person’s reason for the comment. If it is based on fact, you should listen; if not, then it is only their opinion. You will need to stay ⑤strong.

밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?

①

In the mid-1900s, John Kenneth Galbraith shocked the field of economics when he insisted that consumers ①did not merely participate in the marketplace, they are also the product of the systematic deployment of power throughout society. Within this deployment of power, commercial media ensures that consumers adopt values and beliefs ②that match the general requirements of the economy. The individual’s participation in mass behavior patterns ③is not a spontaneous reaction to random forces. Consumers engage in shared patterns of consumption because they live within an economic system that operates as a belief system. It exercises considerable control over the meaning and value of things. When the economy functions as a belief system, it establishes ④severe limits on a consumer’s free choice. As consumers, our choices are not entirely our own. Our beliefs, values, thoughts, and emotions are highly conditioned ⑤to match the needs of the marketplace.

밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?

③

Born in Budapest to a family of bankers, von Neumann was ①undeniably bright. At age eight, he had mastered calculus. At age twelve, he was reading works aimed at professional mathematicians. But he also loved to invent mechanical toys and became a child expert on Byzantine history. When it was time    ②to go off to university, he agreed to study chemical engineering as a compromise with his father, who feared that his son couldn’t make a living as a  mathematician. Von Neumann kept his bargain by enrolling at the University of Budapest and promptly   ③left for Berlin, where he spent his time doing mathematics, and returning to Budapest at the end of every semester ④to take examinations. He published his second mathematics paper, ⑤in which he gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, at age nineteen. By age twenty-five he had published ten major papers; by age thirty, nearly three dozen.

밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중, 어법상 틀린 것은?

③ will → would

One reason many people keep ①delaying things they should do is that they fear they will do them wrong or poorly, so they just don't do them at all. For example, one of the best ways to write a book is to write it as ②quickly as you can, getting onto paper the thoughts that come to you without regard to style and edition. Then you can go back to revise and polish your writing. If I only wrote when I knew it would be perfect, I ③will still be working on my first book! Do you have a hard time ④relaxing if your house is a mess or if things are out of order? Do you beat yourself up for making mistakes? I've got a simple message for you today: It's time to let go of your perfectionism. It becomes a ⑤stumbling block that keeps you stuck.

밑줄 친 ①~⑤ 중 어법상 어색한 것은?

②

Bees have their choice of flora according to color. Lord Avenbury once made an experiment to see if the color of flowers attracted bees. ①Placing honey on slips of paper of different shades, he found that the insects which visited them seemed to have a marked preference for blue, ②which came white, yellow, red, green and orange. This finding should be considered for our beekeeping planning. If pollination is the prime consideration of taming bees and if the crop is       ③identified, the color of other floras nearby should be considered while planning. Let us consider            ④beekeeping near a mustard field. Mustard gives tiny yellow flowers full of nectar and pollen. For better yield of mustard seeds, pollination is necessary. But if there is plenty of blue-colored wild flora nearby, bees may prefer the blue flowers to mustard. ⑤Although we shall get honey and other products, the objective for pollination of mustard may be defeated.

[주관식/서술형]

다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

`One reason many people keep delaying things they should do is that they fear they will do them wrong or poorly, so they just don't do them at all. For example, one of the best ways to write a book is to write it as quickly as you can, getting onto paper the thoughts that come to you without regard to style and edition. Then you can go back to revise and polish your writing. If I only wrote when I knew it would be perfect, I'd still be working on my first book! Do you have a hard time relaxing if your house is a mess or if things are out of order? Do you beat yourself up for making mistakes? I've got a simple message for you today: It's time to let go of your p__________________. it becomes (여러분을 꼼짝 못하게 하는 걸림돌).

빈칸에 들어갈 한 단어를 주어진 철자로 시작하여 쓰시오. (단, 본문에 있는 단어를 활용할 것)

perfectionism

⇒　정답 :

(   ) 안의 우리말에 맞게 다음 단어를 이용하여 영작하시오.(의미와 문법에 맞게 변형하여 한 번씩만 사용)

a stumbling block that keeps you stuck

stumble, a, you, block, keep, that, stick

글의 내용에 일치하도록 빈칸을 완성하시오.

(A) fear  (B) begin (C) putting

Don’t (A)f_______ your mistakes, but (B)b________ what you should do, because perfectionism is the very cause of (C)p______ off things.

다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Born in Budapest to a family of bankers, von Neumann was undeniably bright. At age eight, he had mastered calculus. At age twelve, he was reading works aimed at professional mathematicians. But he also loved to invent mechanical toys and became a child expert on Byzantine history. When it was time to go off to university, he agreed to study chemical engineering as a compromise with his father, who feared that his son couldn’t make a living as a  mathematician. Von Neumann kept his bargain by enrolling at the University of Budapest and promptly leaving for Berlin, where he spent his time doing mathematics, and returning to Budapest at the end of every semester  to take examinations. He published his second mathematics paper, in which he gave the modern definition of ordinal numbers, at age nineteen. By age twenty-five he had published ten major papers; by age thirty, nearly three dozen.

밑줄 친 부분을 다음과 같이 바꾸어 쓸 때 빈칸을 완성하시오.

that, went

When it was time to go off to university

= When it was time (      ) he (      ) off to university

다음을 읽고 물음에 답하시오.

Not all interesting discoveries have an obvious application. If you believe you have something, but you’re not sure what exactly it’s going to be good for, don’t give up. Many innovations languished in labs for years until they were matched to a product. Teflon, an extremely slippery synthetic substance employed as a coating on cooking utensils, was invented in 1938, but (a)it didn’t coat its first pan till 1954. The Post-it note was built on the back of some not-very-good glue. Its inventor believed it might have value, but it took him five years to get any support for the concept, or find a potentially profitable use for it. HP had a breakthrough with a super-accurate thermometer that was created in the HP Labs. Despite its accuracy, (b)there was no clear use for the device until it was used to measure fluctuations in ocean temperature.

밑줄 친 (a)와 같은 의미가 되도록 다음 빈칸을 완성하시오.

until 1954 did it coat its first pan

= not ______________________________________________

밑줄 친 (b)와 같은 의미가 되도록 다음 빈칸을 완성하시오.

not until, was there

= (     ) (     ) it was used to measure fluctuations in ocean temperature (     ) (      ) any clear use for the device.

글의 내용을 한 문장으로 요약하고자 한다. 빈칸 (A)와 (B)에 각각 p로 시작하는 단어를 쓰시오.

(A) persistence  (B) practical

Many cases have shown that when you have a new and interesting idea that has potentially useful properties, with (A)       , you can find (B)_________  uses for your product.

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