▶ 주어를 찾는 첫 번째 방법은 동사의 앞 또는 뒤를 뒤져라! 대부분의 주어는 동사의 앞에 있거나 아니면 도치문에서처럼 동사의 뒤에 있다.
▶ 주어를 찾아내는 두 번째 방법은 무엇인가?
주어가 될 수 있는 것 즉 명사/대명사, 부정사, 동명사, 명사구/명사절 등이 나타나면, 주어가 아닌가 의심하라!
▶ 세 번째 주어를 찾는 요령은? 수식어의 종류가 무엇이든, 꾸며 주는 수식어가 붙어 있는 것이면 주어가 아닌가 의심하라! 그리고 수식어는 주어를 꾸며 주든 목적어/보어를 꾸며 주든 과감히 괄호로 묶어라!
명사를 수식하여 주는 것들이 많지요? 명사는 ○표시하세요. 그리고 꾸며주는 부분은 ( )하세요. 그럼 주어를 찾는 것이 한결 쉬워질 거예요.
명사 + ( 관계사, 분사, to 부정사, 전치사구, 동격어구)
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꾸며주는 수식어가 붙어 있는 것이면 주어 아니면 목적어/보어이다. 수식어는 과감히 괄호로 묶고 주어가 아닐까 의심해라.
※ 이 세 가지 방법에 의하여 주어를 찾게 되면 주어에 동그라미를 쳐라!
이제부터 주어를 찾아내는 방법을 예문을 통하여 살펴봅시다.
1법칙. Among my few friends at the high school I had one who might be called intimate.
위 글에서 Among ~ school 부분은 전치사구이다. 이 전치사구는 수식어로서 주어가 될 수 없다. 괄호로 묶어라. 괄호로 묶은 다음 had라는 동사가 있으므로 동사 앞의 I가 주어이다.
․In the finished movie it looks as if the hero rescued the heroine from a shark.
․In an effort to produce the largest, fastest, and most luxurious ship afloat, the British built the Titanic.
2법칙. Plants take their nourishment from the soil, and unless the materials that they use are replaced, the soil loses its fertility.
․명사/대명사
John is a very diligent student.
They play tennis on Saturday.
․부정사
To see is to believe.
․동명사
Teaching is learning.
․명사절
That he is wrong is undoubtful.
※ 명사/대명사, 부정사, 동명사, 명사구/명사절 등이 나타나면, 주어가 아닌가 의심하라!
3법칙.
Older people (who are alert and physically active) are those who have youthful arteries.
The boy and his dog (that were run over by a bus) died on the spot.
That man (you lent your dictionary to) seldom returns the books he borrows.
My neighbor, (who is very pessimistic), says there will be bo apples this year.
Stratford-upon-Avon, (where shakespeare was born), is visited by a lot of tourists.
-관계절 수식어
Ability (to do a particular job) does not always guarantee performance on the job.
The only sound (to be heard) was the rustling of the leaves.
The best way (to learn a foreign language) is to go to the country where it is spoken.
His ability (to speak French) will win him many friends there.
His obstinate refusal (to compromise) embarrassed us all.
- 부정사 수식어
The six states (holding no claim to the western region) doubted whether a confederacy would prove a union of equals.
A crowd of people waving banners marched down the street.
People living in towns do not know the pleasure of country life.
The goods ordered last month have not arrived yet.
A man just come from the meeting told me about it.
- 분사구 수식어
The abrupt shift (in the nature of forests in the central United States that occurred 12,500 years ago) was caused by an increase of only one degree Fahrenheit in the average global temperature.
- 전치사구 수식어
Winston Churchill, British Prime Minister during the World War II, died in 1945.
The koala bear, an animal that is found only Australia, lives on eucalyptus leaves.
Rumors that an outbreak of rioting was likely caused a panic among the shopkeepers.
The question whether she should be invited is for you to decide.
The fact of my having met her drove Alice mad.
- 주어와 동격어구
▶ 연습: 자 그럼 지금까지 공부한 것을 활용해 문제를 풀어 볼까요.
다음 문장에서 주어와 동사를 찾아보세요.
Are you ready? Here we go!
1. Many toy dinosaurs are manufactured at this factory.
2. Many toy dinosaurs manufactured at this factory are exported to many countries.
3. The security guard talked to the little boy holding a suspicious stick.
4. The security guard talking to the little boy was one of Tom's friends.
5. California produced large quantities of grapes and made many of them into wine.
6. Large quantities of grapes produced in California are made into wine.
cited from Toeflusa
7. Once when I was six years old I saw a magnificent picture in a book, called True Stories from Nature, about the primeval forest.(cited from The Little Prince)
* 수식어구를 찾으면 주어와 동사는 찾은 거나 마찬가지지요. 위에서 수식어구를 설명했는데요 명사에 수식어구가 붙어있으면 주어아니면 보어입니다. 문장 앞 부분에서는 주어 뒷 부분에서는 보어라고 보시면 되죠.
